ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2019
Eye drop emulsion containing 0.1% cyclosporin (1 mg/mL) for the treatment of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis: an evidence-based review and place in therapy.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Systematic Review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Subclinical corneal inflammation and subbasal nerve alterations in keratoconus detected by in vivo confocal microscopy: a cross-sectional study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Ocular Manifestations of Perinatal HIV Infection in Kenyan Children on HAART: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- When to start tacrolimus ointment for vernal keratoconjunctivitis? A proposed treatment protocol.International ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Impact of screen exposure on pediatric vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: a survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2022Observational
- Treating refractory corneal hydrops in a male patient with vernal keratoconjunctivitis and mental retardation: a case report.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in Asia: Recommendations From the Management of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in Asia Expert Working Group.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- The Complex Relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy and High-Mobility Group Box: A Review of Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Recent Advances in the Design of Topical Ophthalmic Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation.Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Assessment of the efficacy of 0.1% cyclosporine A cationic emulsion in the treatment of dry eye disease during COVID-19 pandemic.Romanian journal of ophthalmologyObservational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a rare, recurrent and multifactorial ocular disease, which typically flares up during spring and affects especially male children and adolescents. This condition does not usually respond to common treatments with antihistamines or mast cells stabilizers, whereas corticosteroids have effective results. Corticosteroids need to be carefully administered, to avoid adverse effects, mainly the secondary development of glaucoma, cataracts, or infections. Immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclosporin (CyA) or tacrolimus are, therefore, frequently employed in VKC patients. Only the 0.1% CyA (1 mg/mL) concentration has an approved and specific clinical indication for the treatment of VKC and this drug was given the denomination of orphan drug by the European Commission (EU/3/06/360) in 2006. So far, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and the side effects of topical 0.1% CyA. Different topical CyA concentrations, ranging from 0.05% to 2%, and various types of formulation are available at the moment. In the future, 0.1% CyA will presumably take an important part in the management of VKC. The present review focuses on eye drops containing 0.1% CyA; however, more studies will be needed to define its long-term efficacy in the natural course of this severe ocular disease.
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Registered trials
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