ArticleScientific reports2019
The Effect of Electronic Cigarette User Modifications and E-liquid Adulteration on the Particle Size Profile of an Aerosolized Product.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking and Smoking Cessation: A 2024 Update.Global heart · 2025Review
- Quantification of Size-Binned Particulate Matter in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols Using Multi-Spectral Optical Sensing and Machine Learning.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Impact of Vaping on the Ocular Surface: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Lung cancer in patients who have never smoked - an emerging disease.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Increased oxidative stress responses in murine macrophages exposed at the air-liquid interface to third- and fourth-generation electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) aerosols.Toxicology reports · 2023Article
- The impact of vaping ethanol-containing electronic cigarette liquids on roadside impairment investigations.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2023Article
- Photometric Monitoring of Electronic Cigarette Puff Topography.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- "I Get the Flavors and It Makes Me Love Vaping More": How and Why Youth Users Modify Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Effects of Device Settings and E-Liquid Characteristics on Mouth-Throat Losses of Nicotine Delivered with Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS).Journal of aerosol science · 2023Article
- E-cigarette exposure augments murine abdominal aortic aneurysm development: role of Chil1.Cardiovascular research · 2023Article
- Lifetime use of non-nicotine drugs in electronic cigarette devices among a sample of individuals in substance use disorder treatment.Addictive behaviors reports · 2022Article
- A computed tomography imaging-based subject-specific whole-lung deposition model.European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2022Article
- Reinforcing effects of fentanyl and sufentanil aerosol puffs in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Moving targets: how the rapidly changing tobacco and nicotine landscape creates advertising and promotion policy challenges.Tobacco control · 2022Review
- E-Cigarette Toxicology.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2022Review
- Influence of E-Liquid Humectants, Nicotine, and Flavorings on Aerosol Particle Size Distribution and Implications for Modeling Respiratory Deposition.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Confined DART-MS for Rapid Chemical Analysis of Electronic Cigarette Aerosols and Spiked Drugs.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2021Article
- Effect of Puffing Behavior on Particle Size Distributions and Respiratory Depositions From Pod-Style Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping, Products.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Modeled Respiratory Tract Deposition of Aerosolized Oil Diluents Used in ΔFrontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Aerosol droplet-size distribution and airborne nicotine portioning in particle and gas phases emitted by electronic cigarettes.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are an alternate nicotine delivery system that generate a condensation aerosol to be inhaled by the user. The size of the droplets formed in the aerosol can vary and contributes to drug deposition and ultimate bioavailability in the lung. The growing popularity of e-cigarette products has caused an increase in internet sources promoting the use of drugs other than nicotine (DOTNs) in e-cigarettes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various e-cigarette and e-liquid modifications, such as coil resistance, battery voltage, and glycol and drug formulation, on the aerosol particle size. E-liquids containing 12 mg/mL nicotine prepared in glycol compositions of 100% propylene glycol (PG), 100% vegetable glycerin (VG), or 50:50 PG:VG were aerosolized at three voltages and three coil resistances. Methamphetamine and methadone e-liquids were prepared at 60 mg/mL in 50:50 PG:VG and all e-liquids were aerosolized onto a 10 stage Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor. Glycol deposition correlated with drug deposition, and the majority of particles centered between 0.172-0.5 μm in diameter, representing pulmonary deposition. The 100% PG e-liquid produced the largest aerosol particles and the 100% VG and 50:50 PG:VG e-liquids produced ultra-fine particles <0.3 μm. The presence of ultrafine particles indicates that drugs can be aerosolized and reach the pulmonary alveolar regions, highlighting a potential for abuse and risk of overdose with DOTNs aerosolized in an e-cigarette system.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.