ArticleNPJ primary care respiratory medicine2019
Incidence of type II diabetes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nested case-control study.
Article in NPJ primary care respiratory medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between COPD and CKD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review on long-term adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of COPD.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on in-hospital outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A nationwide study in Germany.Metabolism open · 2026Article
- Article
- GLP-1RAs: antidiabetic drug crossover-new hope for chronic inflammatory airway diseases.Respiratory research · 2026Review
- Semaglutide and pioglitazone restore airway mucosal homeostasis by resolvingFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A Nomogram for Predicting 5-Year Risk of New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in Patients with COPD: A Two-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on 30-Day Mortality and Ventilation Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD): A Retrospective Cohort Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- CXCL12 is a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2025Article
- MicroRNA mediated suppression of airway lactoperoxidase by TGF-β1 and cigarette smoke promotes airway inflammation.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2024Article
- Inhaled Corticosteroids in Subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Old, Unfinished History.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Hyperglycaemia and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Impact of inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids on glucose metabolism and diabetes mellitus: A mini review.World journal of diabetes · 2023Review
- Article
- The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Review
- All-Cause, Cardiovascular and Respiratory Mortality in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in England: A Cohort Study Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular diseases or type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic airway diseases: mutual pharmacological interferences.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2023Review
- Diabetic endothelial microangiopathy and pulmonary dysfunction.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Biomarkers for Comorbidities Modulate the Activity of T-Cells in COPD.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- The Impact of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Hospitalization.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We investigated the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among people with COPD and whether exposure to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and exacerbation status was associated with T2DM. This descriptive cohort study used primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). The patient cohort included people with a diagnosis of COPD and previous smoking history registered at a CPRD practice between January 2010 and December 2016. We determined incidence rates by age, gender and deprivation. Using a nested case-control design-where cases and controls are drawn from the cohort population-we matched 1:5 with patients by age, gender and GP practice and estimated odds of T2DM using logistic regression (adjusting for smoking status, deprivation, BMI, hypertension, coronary heart disease and heart failure). We identified 220,971 COPD patients; mean age at COPD diagnosis was 66 years (SD 12) and 54% were male. The incidence rate of T2DM in COPD patients was 1.26 per 100 patient years (95% CI: 1.24-1.28) and was higher among men (1.32 vs 1.18 among women). The adjusted odds ratio for T2DM was 1.47 (95% CI: 1.36-1.60) among frequent exacerbators (≥2 treated exacerbations per year) compared to infrequent exacerbators and the odds ratio for patients receiving high-dose ICS (>800 mcg budesonide equivalent dose) was 1.73 (95% CI 1.65-1.82) compared to patients receiving no ICS therapy. Incidence of T2DM among COPD patients is high and exposure to ICS and frequent exacerbations are associated with a higher risk of T2DM among patients with COPD.
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