Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2019
Treatment of Children With GH in the United States and Europe: Long-Term Follow-Up From NordiNet® IOS and ANSWER Program.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Predictors of Good/Poor Response to Growth Hormone Treatment in Children with Idiopathic Short Stature.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026Trial
- Gene expression signatures predict response to therapy with growth hormone.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2021Trial
- Growth Hormone Therapy in Children Born Small for Gestational Age with Persistent Short Stature: Lessons Learned from Real-World International Databases and Directions for Future Research.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026Review
- The efficacy and safety of weekly somatrogon treatment in turkish children with growth hormone deficiency: a real-world cohort study.Endocrine · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and Safety of Hormonal Treatments in Children with Growth Disorders: A Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence.Clinics and practice · 2026Review
- Long-Term experience with growth hormone therapy in pediatric growth disorders: an analysis of the LG growth study data.Endocrine · 2026Observational
- Comparative Outcomes of GH Treatment in Pediatric Idiopathic Short Stature and GH Deficiency.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- Better growth outcomes in GH-deficient children treated younger than 2 years of age.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Recombinant growth hormone therapy in children with short stature in Abu Dhabi: a cross-sectional study of indications and treatment outcomes.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Potential for Optimization of Growth Hormone Treatment in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency, Small for Gestational Age, and Turner Syndrome in Germany: Data from the PATROHormone research in paediatrics · 2025Article
- [Discussion on the genetic mechanisms and efficacy of growth hormone therapy in children with idiopathic short stature].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2024Review
- Growth Hormone Treatment for Non-GHD Disorders: Excitement Tempered by Biology.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Review
- Early GH Treatment Is Effective and Well Tolerated in Children With Turner Syndrome: NordiNet® IOS and Answer Program.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Views on Short Stature of Female vs Male Endocrine Pediatric Patients Undergoing Provocative Growth Hormone Testing and Their Parents.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2023Article
- Early Growth Hormone Initiation Leads to Favorable Long-Term Growth Outcomes in Children Born Small for Gestational Age.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Factors Associated With Response to Growth Hormone in Pediatric Growth Disorders: Results of a 5-year Registry Analysis.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- Effects of early recombinant human growth hormone treatment in young Chinese children with Prader-Willi syndrome.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2023Article
- Psychometric Validation of the Growth Hormone Deficiency-Child Treatment Burden Measure (GHD-CTB) and the Growth Hormone Deficiency-Parent Treatment Burden Measure (GHD-PTB).PharmacoEconomics - open · 2023Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Pediatric Growth Hormone Therapy: Results From the Full KIGS Cohort.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Cardiovascular safety of growth hormone treatment in Noonan syndrome: real-world evidence.Endocrine connections · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextUnderstanding real-world prescribing of GH may help improve treatment of eligible patients.
objectiveOverall: to assess real-world effectiveness and safety of GH (Norditropin). This analysis: to compare clinical characteristics of GH-treated children in the United States and Europe.
designThe American Norditropin Studies: Web-Enabled Research Program (ANSWER; 2002 to 2016, United States) and the NordiNet International Outcome Study (NordiNet IOS; 2006 to 2016, Europe) were multicenter longitudinal observational cohort studies.
settingData were recorded in 207 (United States) and 469 (Europe) clinics.
participantsPatients with GH deficiency, Turner syndrome, Noonan syndrome, idiopathic short stature, Prader-Willi syndrome, or born small for gestational age, who commenced GH treatment aged <18 years.
interventionGH was prescribed by treating physicians according to local practice. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Baseline data and drug doses were recorded. Data on effectiveness and safety were collected.
resultsANSWER had 19,847 patients in the full analysis set (FAS; patients with birthdate information and one or more GH prescription) and 12,660 in the effectiveness analysis set (EAS; GH-naive patients with valid baseline information). NordiNet IOS had 17,711 (FAS) and 11,967 (EAS). Boys accounted for 69% (ANSWER) and 57% (NordiNet IOS). Treatment start occurred later than optimal to improve growth. The proportion of boys treated was generally larger, children were older at treatment start, and GH doses were higher in the United States vs Europe. No new safety signals of concern were noted.
conclusionsIn most indications, more boys than girls were treated, and treatment started late. Earlier diagnosis of GH-related disorders is needed. The data support a favorable benefit-risk profile of GH therapy in children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.