SynthesisMedicine2019
Tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia: A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Secondhand smoke exposure and human health: an umbrella review.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- Paternal preconception modifiable risk factors for adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes: a review of contemporary evidence from observational studies.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Parental Age and Childhood Lymphoma and Solid Tumor Risk: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2022Pooled it
- Environmental Risk Factors and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal smoking and risk of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Prenatal and Perinatal Factors Associated with Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: A Scoping Review.Cancers · 2025Review
- Global, regional, and national burdens of leukemia from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis of the global burden of disease in 2019 based on the APC model.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Decoding Oral Carcinogenesis and Tumor Progression in Whole Cigarette Smoke Exposure: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Early-life tobacco exposure is causally implicated in aberrant RAG-mediated recombination in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Research square · 2024Article
- Environmental Pollution and Risk of Childhood Cancer: A Scoping Review of Evidence from the Last Decade.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- In Utero Origins of Acute Leukemia in Children.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- National and subnational burden of leukemia and its risk factors, 1990-2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019.PloS one · 2023Article
- Observational
- A brief review of the current knowledge on environmental toxicants and risk of pediatric cancers.Pediatric hematology and oncology · 2022Review
- Environmental Risk Factors for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: An Umbrella Review.Cancers · 2022Review
- The Global Burden of Leukemia and Its Attributable Factors in 204 Countries and Territories: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study and Projections to 2030.Journal of oncology · 2022Article
- Preventive Healthcare and Management for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in Adults: Case Report and Literature Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Acute lymphoid leukemia etiopathogenesis.Molecular biology reports · 2021Review
- Risk Factors for Childhood Leukemia: Radiation and Beyond.Frontiers in public health · 2021Review
- Respiratory Symptoms and Urinary Cotinine Levels in Pre-school Children Exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTobacco smoke contains carcinogens known to damage somatic and germ cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and myeloid leukemia (AML).
methodsInformation about tobacco smoking exposures of the mother before, during, and after pregnancy was collected via PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases through November 5, 2018. We performed to evaluate the association between smoking exposure and the risk of childhood ALL and AML. Study selection, data abstraction, and quality assessment were performed by 2 independent reviewers. Random effects models were used to obtain summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsNineteen case-control studies of childhood leukemia (age < 15 years) conducted in 9 countries from 1974 to 2018. Maternal smoking exposures did not a significant association with childhood ALL (OR = 1.004, 95% CI 0.953-1.058, P = .881) and AML (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.815-1.038, P = .177) during exposure time windows. However, there was an association with paternal smoking and ALL (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.038-1.275, P = .007). Paternal smoking in AML showed there was no association with smoking exposures and childhood AML (OR = 1.133, 95% CI 0.943-1.362, P = .181). Next, maternal daily cigarettes consumption showed no associations with ALL (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.000-1.168, P = .051) during pregnancy. No association with maternal daily smoking and AML (OR = 0.909, 95% CI 0.682-1.211, P = .514). Paternal daily cigarettes consumption was associated with increased risks of childhood ALL (OR = 1.200, 95% CI 1.112-1.302, P = .000). The higher consumption of paternal smoking (more than 10 per day) was significantly related to childhood ALL. Paternal daily smoking consumption also was related to AML (OR = 1.242, 95% CI 1.031-1.496, P = .022).
conclusionMaternal smoking before, during, or after pregnancy was not associated with childhood ALL or AML. However, paternal smoking was related to a significantly elevated risk of childhood ALL during pregnancy, but not for AML. Maternal daily smoking consumption was not associated with ALL or AML during pregnancy. The higher consumption of paternal smoking were, the higher the risk of childhood ALL or AML.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.