Trial reportThe Journal of clinical investigation2019
Persistent HIV-infected cells in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with poorer neurocognitive performance.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiretroviral Therapy Intensification for Neurocognitive Impairment in Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Implications of HIV persistence and pathogenesis in microglia.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- HIV Reservoirs in Brain parenchyma and Cerebrospinal Fluid During Suppressive ART: Same-Same or Very Different?Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Central Nervous System HIV Persistence and Clinical Consequences During Suppressive ART.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- A novel measure of antiretroviral activity in cerebrospinal fluid and association with HIV persistence and cognitive function.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Central Nervous System T-cell immune architecture, and not HIV burden, tracks with cognition under long-term viral suppression.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Smoldering in the sanctuary: HIV-associated brain injury in the ART era.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- α4 Integrin blockade impairs CD8+ T cell neuroimmune surveillance following SIV infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Latent HIV Reservoirs in the Central Nervous System: Mechanisms, Barriers, and Therapeutic Approaches.ACS infectious diseases · 2026Review
- HIV Promoters Isolated from Brain and Peripheral Tissue of Virally Suppressed PWH Are Phylogenetically and Functionally Similar.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammatory crosstalk between microglia and astrocytes increases viral replication in an iPSC-derived model of CNS HIV infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association between processing speed and segregation/integration of large-scale functional networks in middle-aged and older people living with HIV.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Elevated inflammation in people with HIV is associated with aberrant neural oscillations serving selective attention.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Article
- Neuroinflammatory crosstalk between microglia and astrocytes increases viral replication in an iPSC-derived model of CNS HIV infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetic approaches to standardize antiviral exposure in cerebrospinal fluid.Pharmacotherapy · 2025Article
- Neuropathogenesis of acute HIV: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic approaches.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Targeting Ikaros and Aiolos with pomalidomide fails to reactivate or induce apoptosis of the latent HIV reservoir.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Inflammatory responses revealed through HIV infection of microglia-containing cerebral organoids.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
18 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUNDPersistence of HIV in sanctuary sites despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) presents a barrier to HIV remission and may affect neurocognitive function. We assessed HIV persistence in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and associations with inflammation and neurocognitive performance during long-term ART.METHODSParticipants enrolled in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) HIV Reservoirs Cohort Study (A5321) underwent concurrent lumbar puncture, phlebotomy, and neurocognitive assessment. Cell-associated HIV DNA and HIV RNA (CA-DNA, CA-RNA) were measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR). in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in cell pellets from CSF. In CSF supernatant and blood plasma, cell-free HIV RNA was quantified by qPCR with single copy sensitivity, and inflammatory biomarkers were measured by enzyme immunoassay.RESULTSSixty-nine participants (97% male, median age 50 years, CD4 696 cells/mm3, plasma HIV RNA <100 copies/mL) were assessed after a median 8.6 years of ART. In CSF, cell-free RNA was detected in 4%, CA-RNA in 9%, and CA-DNA in 48% of participants (median level 2.1 copies/103 cells). Detection of cell-free CSF HIV RNA was associated with higher plasma HIV RNA (P = 0.007). CSF inflammatory biomarkers did not correlate with HIV persistence measures. Detection of CSF CA-DNA HIV was associated with worse neurocognitive outcomes including global deficit score (P = 0.005), even after adjusting for age and nadir CD4 count.CONCLUSIONHIV-infected cells persist in CSF in almost half of individuals on long-term ART, and their detection is associated with poorer neurocognitive performance.FUNDINGThis observational study, AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) HIV Reservoirs Cohort Study (A5321), was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIAID and NIMH).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.