ArticleThe EMBO journal2019
ROCK2 inhibition triggers the collective invasion of colorectal adenocarcinomas.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Signaling downstream of tumor-stroma interaction regulates mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma apicobasal polarity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- RHOA at the intersection of inflammation-driven and sporadic colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Orchestrating movement: the role of Caveolin-1 in migration and metastasis.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Collective migration modes in development, tissue repair and cancer.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2025Review
- Inverted apicobasal polarity in health and disease.Journal of cell science · 2024Review
- Basement Membrane Mimetic Hydrogel Cooperates with Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibitor to Promote the Development of Acini-Like Salivary Gland Spheroids.Advanced nanobiomed research · 2023Article
- Primary Colorectal Tumor Displays Differential Genomic Expression Profiles Associated with Hepatic and Peritoneal Metastases.Cancers · 2023Article
- Flourishing tumor organoids: History, emerging technology, and application.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Review
- Reciprocal intra- and extra-cellular polarity enables deep mechanosensing through layered matrices.Cell reports · 2023Article
- A Scribble/Cdep/Rac pathway controls follower-cell crawling and cluster cohesion during collective border-cell migration.Developmental cell · 2022Article
- Tumour invasion and dissemination.Biochemical Society transactions · 2022Review
- 3D Cell Cultures: Evolution of an Ancient Tool for New Applications.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Cytoplasmic pressure maintains epithelial integrity and inhibits cell motility.Physical biology · 2021Article
- Luminescence lifetime imaging of three-dimensional biological objects.Journal of cell science · 2021Article
- The mechanobiome: a goldmine for cancer therapeutics.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2021Review
- Review
- Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Circular RNA circ_HN1 facilitates gastric cancer progression through modulation of the miR-302b-3p/ROCK2 axis.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2021Article
- circCUL2 regulates gastric cancer malignant transformation and cisplatin resistance by modulating autophagy activation via miR-142-3p/ROCK2.Molecular cancer · 2020Article
- Rock inhibition promotes NaScientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The metastatic progression of cancer is a multi-step process initiated by the local invasion of the peritumoral stroma. To identify the mechanisms underlying colorectal carcinoma (CRC) invasion, we collected live human primary cancer specimens at the time of surgery and monitored them ex vivo. This revealed that conventional adenocarcinomas undergo collective invasion while retaining their epithelial glandular architecture with an inward apical pole delineating a luminal cavity. To identify the underlying mechanisms, we used microscopy-based assays on 3D organotypic cultures of Caco-2 cysts as a model system. We performed two siRNA screens targeting Rho-GTPases effectors and guanine nucleotide exchange factors. These screens revealed that ROCK2 inhibition triggers the initial leader/follower polarization of the CRC cell cohorts and induces collective invasion. We further identified FARP2 as the Rac1 GEF necessary for CRC collective invasion. However, FARP2 activation is not sufficient to trigger leader cell formation and the concomitant inhibition of Myosin-II is required to induce invasion downstream of ROCK2 inhibition. Our results contrast with ROCK pro-invasive function in other cancers, stressing that the molecular mechanism of metastatic spread likely depends on tumour types and invasion mode.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.