ReviewParasitology2019
Review in Parasitology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cystoisospora belli infection in an immunocompetent patient.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- Article
- Sexually transmitted enteric infections in men who have sex with men.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Diagnosis of cystoisosporiasis in a patient with HIV and modestly decreased CD4 counts.IDCases · 2025Article
- Metabarcoding study of potential pathogens and zoonotic risks associated with dog feces in Seoul, South Korea.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Intestinal protozoa in returning travellers: a GeoSentinel analysis from 2007 to 2019.Journal of travel medicine · 2024Article
- Microscopic and Molecular Identification ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Cystoisospora belli: A Cause of Chronic Diarrhea in Immunocompromised Patients.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Intestinal Parasitic Infections in 2023.Gastroenterology research · 2023Review
- Development of a new multiplex PCR to detect fecal coccidian parasite.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2023Article
- The Tubulin Superfamily in Apicomplexan Parasites.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Review
- Life Cycle and Transmission ofMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- Intestinal apicomplexan parasitoses among a hospital-based population in Honduras, 2013-2019.Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2021Article
- Case Report: Molecular Diagnosis of Cystoisospora belli in a Severely Immunocompromised Patient with HIV and Kaposi Sarcoma.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2021Article
- Investigation of neglected protists Blastocystis sp. and Dientamoeba fragilis in immunocompetent and immunodeficient diarrheal patients using both conventional and molecular methods.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Molecular detection of Cystoisospora belli by single-run polymerase chain reaction in stool samples.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2021Article
- Comparison of Two Real-Time PCR Assays Targeting Ribosomal Sequences for the Identification ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Prolonged Severe Watery Diarrhea in a Long-Term Myeloma Survivor: An Unforeseen Infection withTurkish journal of haematology : official journal of Turkish Society of Haematology · 2021Article
- Chronic Cystoisospora belli infection in a Colombian patient living with HIV and poor adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy.Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cystoisospora belli is a coccidian parasite of humans, with a direct fecal-oral transmission cycle. It is globally distributed, but mainly found in tropical and subtropical areas. Many cases of C. belli infections have been reported in patients with HIV, and in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy for organ transplants or those treated for tumours worldwide. Unsporulated or partially sporulated oocysts of C. belli are excreted in feces. When sporulated oocysts in contaminated water or food are ingested, asexual and sexual stages of C. belli are confined to the epithelium of intestines, bile ducts and gallbladder. Monozoic tissue cysts are present in extra-intestinal organs (lamina propria of the small and large intestine, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver) of immunosuppressed humans. However, a paratenic host has not been demonstrated. Cystoisospora belli infections can be persistent, lasting for months, and relapses are common; the mechanism of relapse is unknown. Recently, the endogenous stages of C. belli were re-examined and attention was drawn to cases of misidentification of non-protozoal structures in the gallbladder of patients as C. belli. Here, we review all aspects of the biology of C. belli, including morphology, endogenous stages, prevalence, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis and control.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.