ReviewCancer treatment reviews2019
The promise of combining cancer vaccine and checkpoint blockade for treating HPV-related cancer.
Review in Cancer treatment reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- PD-L1 expression in anogenital and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas associated with different clinicopathological features, HPV status and prognosis: a meta-analysis.Bioscience reports · 2021Pooled it
- Role of hypoxia-inducible factor - 1 alpha on the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer: a narrative review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- HPV-driven inflammatory pathways in ovarian carcinogenesis: molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic interventions.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Review
- Deciphering the Role of Mast Cells in HPV-Related Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages and blocking PD-L1 via engineered outer membrane vesicles to enhance T cell infiltration and cytotoxic functions.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- The role and mechanism of human papillomavirus in urinary system tumors.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Review
- CAR-NK, a Splendid Strategy for Cancer, Especially for Gynecologic Tumor.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Grain-sized moxibustion activates dendritic cells to enhance the antitumor immunity of cancer vaccines.Chinese medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Advancing Immunotherapies for HPV-Related Cancers: Exploring Novel Vaccine Strategies and the Influence of Tumor Microenvironment.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Rethinking Antigen Source: Cancer Vaccines Based on Whole Tumor Cell/tissue Lysate or Whole Tumor Cell.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Immunotherapy in HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancers.Current treatment options in oncology · 2023Review
- Safety and Efficacy of MEDI0457 plus Durvalumab in Patients with Human Papillomavirus-Associated Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2023Article
- Cell Squeeze: driving more effective CD8 T-cell activation through cytosolic antigen delivery.Immuno-oncology technology · 2022Review
- Review
- A predictive study of metabolism reprogramming in cervical carcinoma.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton influences the development of cervical carcinoma by promoting the antitumor effect of macrophages and dendritic cells.Cancer medicine · 2022Article
- Therapeutic DNA Vaccines against HPV-Related Malignancies: Promising Leads from Clinical Trials.Viruses · 2022Review
- Peptide-Based Nanovaccines in the Treatment of Cervical Cancer: A Review of Recent Advances.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Review
- Targeting LAG3/GAL-3 to overcome immunosuppression and enhance anti-tumor immune responses in multiple myeloma.Leukemia · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated intraepithelial neoplasia or cancers are ideal candidates for cancer immunotherapy since HPV oncoproteins, such as E6 and E7 proteins of high-risk HPVs, could be utilized as foreign antigens. In HPV-associated cancers as well as nonviral cancers, the cancer cells may evade host immunity through the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, downregulation of human leukocyte antigen, and activation of immune regulatory cells. Because of these immune suppressive mechanisms, HPV therapeutic vaccines have shown little efficacy against HPV-associated cancers, although they have shown efficacy in treating HPV-associated intraepithelial neoplasias. Recently, checkpoint blockade emerged as a promising new treatment for solid cancers; however, these therapies have shown only modest efficacy against HPV-associated cancers. Here we reviewed literature analyzing a combinatory therapy using an immune checkpoint inhibitor and an HPV therapeutic vaccine for treating HPV-associated cancers to compensate for shortfalls of each monotherapy. Complimentary modes of T cell activation would be deployed; as vaccines would directly stimulate the T cells, while checkpoint inhibitors would do so by releasing inhibition. Some promising studies using animal models and early human clinical trials raised a possibility that such combinations may be efficacious in regressing HPV-associated cancers. Epitope spreading (the phenomenon in which non-targeted antigens become new targets of immune response) may play a critical role mechanistically. Currently ongoing studies will shed light as to whether such combination therapy would indeed be a promising new treatment paradigm. Current and future studies must also determine the adverse effect profile of such a combination treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.