ArticleBiomaterials2019
Cargo-less nanoparticles program innate immune cell responses to toll-like receptor activation.
Article in Biomaterials, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineered Lactoferrin Nanoparticle Coronas as a Tunable Platform for Immunomodulation and Antibacterial Function.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle induction of antigen-presenting monocyte-derived dendritic cells relieves immunosuppression and inhibits metastasis.Cell biomaterials · 2026Article
- Engineered cargo-free nanoparticle decoys for phagocytic modulation of macrophages.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Systemic delivery of drug-free polymeric nanoparticles reprograms innate immunity in a sex-dependent manner after spinal cord injury.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The role of immunomodulatory nano systems in the treatment of sepsis: past, present, and future.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Astragalus Polysaccharide Nanoparticles Alleviate Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Injury by Targeting the HSP90AA1/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Particle Shape Modulates the Function of Adoptive Macrophage Transfers.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Early metastasis is characterized by Gr1+ cell dysregulation and is inhibited by immunomodulatory nanoparticles.Molecular oncology · 2025Article
- Nanocarrier-Based Targeting of Pattern Recognition Receptors as an Innovative Strategy for Enhancing Sepsis Therapy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Cargo-less Nanoparticles Prevent Bone Loss in Periodontitis and Peri-implantitis.Journal of dental research · 2025Article
- Anti-TNF-α antisense-oligonucleotide-conjugated PLG nanoparticles protect transplanted islets.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Engineering immunity using metabolically active polymeric nanoparticles.Trends in biotechnology · 2025Review
- Engineered immunological niche directs therapeutic development in models of progressive multiple sclerosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Allergen-Encapsulating Nanoparticles Reprogram Pathogenic Allergen-Specific Th2 Cells to Suppress Food Allergy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Inflammatory disease progression shapes nanoparticle biomolecular corona-mediated immune activation profiles.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Microfluidics-generated PLA nanoparticles: impact of purification method on macrophage interactions, anti-inflammatory effects, biodistribution, and protein corona formation.RSC pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Advancements, Challenges, and Future Prospects of Nanotechnology in Sepsis Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Targeted-Immunomodulatory Nanomedicines for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases via Multiple Administration Routes.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Trace elements and metal nanoparticles: mechanistic approaches to mitigating chemotherapy-induced toxicity-a review of literature evidence.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2024Review
- New insights for the development of efficient DNA vaccines.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Developing biomaterials to control the responsiveness of innate immune cells represents a clinically relevant approach to treat diseases with an underlying inflammatory basis, such as sepsis. Sepsis can involve activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, which activates numerous inflammatory pathways. The breadth of this inflammation has limited the efficacy of pharmacological interventions that target a single molecular pathway. Here, we developed cargo-less particles as a single-agent, multi-target platform to elicit broad anti-inflammatory action against innate immune cells challenged by multiple TLR agonists. The particles, prepared from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA), displayed potent molecular weight-, polymer composition-, and charge-dependent immunomodulatory properties, including downregulation of TLR-induced costimulatory molecule expression and cytokine secretion. Particles prepared using the anionic surfactant poly(ethylene-alt-maleic acid) (PEMA) significantly blunted the responses of antigen presenting cells to TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide) and TLR9 (CpG-ODN) agonists, demonstrating broad inhibitory activity to both extracellular and intracellular TLR ligands. Interestingly, particles prepared using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), a neutrally-charged surfactant, only marginally inhibited inflammatory cytokine secretions. The biochemical pathways modulated by particles were investigated using TRanscriptional Activity CEll aRrays (TRACER), which implicated IRF1, STAT1, and AP-1 in the mechanism of action for PLA-PEMA particles. Using an LPS-induced endotoxemia mouse model, administration of PLA-PEMA particles prior to or following a lethal challenge resulted in significantly improved mean survival. Cargo-less particles affect multiple biological pathways involved in the development of inflammatory responses by innate immune cells and represent a potentially promising therapeutic strategy to treat severe inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.