ArticleScientific reports2019
Age-related differences and sexual dimorphism in canine sleep spindles.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-invasive canine electroencephalography (EEG): a systematic review.BMC veterinary research · 2025Pooled it
- Association of brachycephaly, sleep-disordered breathing, and inflammatory response in dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Review
- Family Dogs' Sleep Macrostructure Reflects Worsened Sleep Quality When Sleeping in the Absence of Their Owners: A Non-Invasive Polysomnography Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Non-Invasive EEG Recordings in Epileptic Dogs (Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Age-related effects on a hierarchical structure of canine cognition.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Potential interactive effect of positive expectancy violation and sleep on memory consolidation in dogs.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cognitive and sensory capacity each contribute to the canine spatial bias.Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie · 2024Article
- Emotional Arousal Impacts Physical Health in Dogs: A Review of Factors Influencing Arousal, with Exemplary Case and Framework.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Owner-rated hyperactivity/impulsivity is associated with sleep efficiency in family dogs: a non-invasive EEG study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A comparative analysis of sleep spindle characteristics of sleep-disordered patients and normal subjects.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Attachment towards the Owner Is Associated with Spontaneous Sleep EEG Parameters in Family Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- The cyclic interaction between daytime behavior and the sleep behavior of laboratory dogs.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Developmental features of sleep electrophysiology in family dogs.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Averaging sleep spindle occurrence in dogs predicts learning performance better than single measures.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- A functional linear modeling approach to sleep-wake cycles in dogs.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Event-related potentials reveal limited readiness to access phonetic details during word processing in dogs.Royal Society open science · 2020Article
- A Preliminary Study toward a Rapid Assessment of Age-Related Behavioral Differences in Family Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Reliability of Family Dogs' Sleep Structure Scoring Based on Manual and Automated Sleep Stage Identification.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Possible association between spindle frequency and reversal-learning in aged family dogs.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Non-REM bursts of activity in the sigma range (9-16 Hz) typical of sleep spindles predict learning in dogs, similar to humans and rats. Little is known, however, about the age-related changes in amplitude, density (spindles/minute) and frequency (waves/second) of canine spindles. We investigated a large sample (N = 155) of intact and neutered pet dogs of both sexes, varying in breed and age, searching for spindles in segments of non-REM sleep. We recorded EEG from both a frontal midline electrode (Fz) and a central midline electrode (Cz) in 55.5% of the dogs, in the remaining animals only the Fz electrode was active (bipolar derivation). A similar topography was observed for fast (≥13 Hz) spindle occurrence as in humans (fast spindle number, density on Cz > Fz). For fast spindles, density was higher in females, and increased with age. These effects were more pronounced among intact animals and on Fz. Slow spindle density declined and fast spindle frequency increased with age on Cz, while on Fz age-related amplitude decline was observed. The frequency of fast spindles on Fz and slow spindles on Cz was linked to both sex and neutering, suggesting modulation by sexual hormones. Intact females displayed higher frequencies than males and neutered females. Our findings support the argument that sigma bursts in the canine non-REM sleep are analogous to human sleep spindles, and suggest that slow and fast spindles display different trajectories related to age, of which an increase in frontal fast spindles is unique to dogs.
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