ArticleScientific reports2019
Regulation of the expression of nine antimicrobial peptide genes by TmIMD confers resistance against Gram-negative bacteria.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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23 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The humoral immune response of the lepidopteran model insect, silkwormCurrent research in insect science · 2024Review
- Transcriptome analysis of Corvus splendens reveals a repertoire of antimicrobial peptides.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A systematic review of experimental studies on Salmonella persistence in insects.NPJ science of food · 2023Review
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- Immunological Roles ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
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- Current Status of Immune Deficiency Pathway inFrontiers in immunology · 2022Review
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- The holobiont transcriptome of teneral tsetse fly species of varying vector competence.BMC genomics · 2021Article
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- Insights Into the Immune Response of the Black Soldier Fly Larvae to Bacteria.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
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- IKKγ/NEMO Is Required to Confer Antimicrobial Innate Immune Responses in the Yellow Mealworm,International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- TmRelish is required for regulating the antimicrobial responses to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in Tenebrio molitor.Scientific reports · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune deficiency (IMD) is a death domain-containing protein that is essential for the IMD/NF-κB humoral and epithelial immune responses to Gram-negative bacteria and viruses in insects. In the immune signaling cascade, IMD is recruited together with FADD and the caspase DREDD after the mobilization of PGRP receptors. Activated IMD regulates the expression of effector antimicrobial peptides (AMP) that protect against invading microorganisms. To date, most studies of the IMD pathway, and the IMD gene in particular, have been restricted to Drosophila; few similar studies have been conducted in other model insects. Herein, we cloned and functionally characterized an IMD homolog from the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor (TmIMD) and studied its role in host survival in the context of pathogenic infections. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the conserved caspase cleavage site and inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP)-binding motif (IBM). TmIMD expression was high in the hemocytes and Malpighian tubules of Tenebrio late-instar larvae and adults. At 3 and 6 hours' post-infection with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, or Candida albicans, TmIMD expression significantly increased compared with mock-infected controls. Knockdown of the TmIMD transcript by RNAi significantly reduced host resistance to the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli and fungus C. albicans in a survival assay. Strikingly, the expression of nine T. molitor AMPs (TmTenecin1, TmTenecin2, TmTenecin4, TmDefensin2, TmColeoptericin1, TmColeoptericin2, TmAttacin1a, TmAttacin1b, and TmAttacin2) showed significant downregulation in TmIMD knockdown larvae challenged with E. coli. These results suggest that TmIMD is required to confer humoral immunity against the Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli by inducing the expression of critical transcripts that encode AMPs.
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