Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31300237›Full record

ArticleEuropean urology2019

Hypospadias Prevalence and Trends in International Birth Defect Surveillance Systems, 1980-2010.

Xiao Yu, Natasha Nassar, Pierpaolo Mastroiacovo, Mark Canfield, Boris Groisman, Eva Bermejo-Sánchez, Annukka Ritvanen, Sonja Kiuru-Kuhlefelt, Adriana Benavides, Antonin Sipek and 34 more

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Article in European urology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

44 authors.

Xiao YuSchool of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Natasha NassarChild Population and Translational Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Pierpaolo MastroiacovoCentre of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research, Rome, Italy.
Mark CanfieldBirth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX, USA.
Boris GroismanNational Network of Congenital Anomalies of Argentina (RENAC), National Center of Medical Genetics, National Administration of Laboratories and Health Institutes (ANLIS), National Ministry of Health, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Eva Bermejo-SánchezECEMC, Centro de Investigación sobre Anomalías Congénitas (CIAC), Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Annukka RitvanenFinnish Register of Congenital Malformations, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Sonja Kiuru-KuhlefeltFinnish Register of Congenital Malformations, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Adriana BenavidesCentro de Registro de Enfermedades Congénitas (CREC), Unidad de Enfermedades Congénitas, Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Cartago, Costa Rica.
Antonin SipekDepartment of Medical Genetics, Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
Anna PieriniInstitute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Pisa, Italy; Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.
Fabrizio BianchiInstitute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Pisa, Italy; Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.
Karin KällénNational Board of Health and Social Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden.
Miriam GattMalta Congenital Anomalies Registry, Directorate for Health Information and Research, G'mangia Hill, G'mangia, Malta.
Margery MorganCongenital Anomaly Register & Information Service for Wales (CARIS), Public Health Wales, Swansea, Wales, UK.
David TuckerCongenital Anomaly Register & Information Service for Wales (CARIS), Public Health Wales, Swansea, Wales, UK.
M Aaurora CanessaRegional Register Congenital Malformation Maule Health Service (RRMC-SSM), Maule, Chile.
Rosa GajardoRegional Register Congenital Malformation Maule Health Service (RRMC-SSM), Maule, Chile.
Osvaldo M MutchinickDepartment of Genetics, Registry and Epidemiological Surveillance of Congenital Malformations (RYVEMCE), Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico.
Elena SzabovaSlovak Medical University, FPH, Limbova, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Melinda Csáky-SzunyoghHungarian Congenital Abnormalities Registry and Rare Disease Centre, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary.
Giovanna TagliabueLombardy Cancer Registry Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Janet D CraganNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Wendy N NembhardFay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Reproductive Health Monitoring System, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Anke RissmannMalformation Monitoring Centre Saxony-Anhalt, Medical Faculty Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
Dorit GoetzMalformation Monitoring Centre Saxony-Anhalt, Medical Faculty Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
Carol BowerTelethon Kids Institute, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia.
Gareth BaynamChild Population and Translational Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies, Western Australian Department of Health, Perth, Australia.
R Brian LowryAlberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, Department Clinical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Juan A LeonPublic Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Wei LuoPublic Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Jocelyn RouleauPublic Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Ignacio ZaranteInstituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Nicolas FernandezDivision of Pediatric Urology, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Emmanuelle AmarRegistre Des Malformations En Rhone-Alpes, REMERA (ex Central-East France Register of Congenital Malformations, IEG), Lyon, France.
Saeed DastgiriTabriz Health Services Management Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Paolo ContieroLombardy Birth Defect Registry, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Laura E Martínez-de-VillarrealGenetics Department, Medical School, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico.
Barry BormanNew Zealand Birth Defects Registry, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
J E H BergmanDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Hermien E K de WalleDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Charlotte A HobbsRady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.
Amy E NanceUtah Birth Defect Network, Division of Family Health and Preparedness, Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
A J AgopianSchool of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: a.j.agopian@uth.tmc.edu.

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHypospadias is a common male birth defect that has shown widespread variation in reported prevalence estimates. Many countries have reported increasing trends over recent decades.

objectiveTo analyze the prevalence and trends of hypospadias for 27 international programs over a 31-yr period. DESIGN, SETTING, AND

participantsThe study population included live births, stillbirths, and elective terminations of pregnancy diagnosed with hypospadias during 1980-2010 from 27 surveillance programs around the world. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: We used joinpoint regression to analyze changes over time in international total prevalence of hypospadias across programs, prevalence for each specific program, and prevalence across different degrees of severity of hypospadias. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The international total prevalence of hypospadias for all years was 20.9 (95% confidence interval: 19.2-22.6) per 10000 births. The prevalence for each program ranged from 2.1 to 39.1 per 10000 births. The international total prevalence increased 1.6 times during the study period, by 0.25 cases per 10000 births per year (p<0.05). When analyzed separately, there were increasing trends for first-, second-, and third-degree hypospadias during the early 1990s to mid-2000s. The majority of programs (61.9%) had a significantly increasing trend during many of the years evaluated. Limitations include known differences in data collection methods across programs.

conclusionsAlthough there have been changes in clinical practice and registry ascertainment over time in some countries, the consistency in the observed increasing trends across many programs and by degrees of severity suggests that the total prevalence of hypospadias may be increasing in many countries. This observation is contrary to some previous reports that suggested that the total prevalence of hypospadias was no longer increasing in recent decades. PATIENT SUMMARY: We report on the prevalence and trends of hypospadias among 27 birth defect surveillance systems, which indicate that the prevalence of hypospadias continues to increase internationally.

Indexed as

Global HealthHumansHypospadiasInfant, NewbornMalePopulation SurveillancePrevalenceRegistriesTime FactorsHypospadiasInternational Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and ResearchJoinpoint regressionPrevalenceTrend

Identifiers

PMID31300237
PMCPMC7265200

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.