Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31299921›Full record

SynthesisBMC psychiatry2019

The effectiveness of virtual reality for people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a meta-analysis.

Oksoo Kim, Yanghee Pang, Jung-Hee Kim

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 94 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
94citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05265182 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Developing an Immersive Gamification Technology System (ImGTS) for the Management of Patients With Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (Phase 1 Trial)

TypeinterventionalSponsorAugmented eXperience E-health LaboratoryRan2022 to 2022Enrolled30ConditionsDementia AlzheimersArmsvirtual reality
NCT06927362 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment Big and Dual Task Training on Balance, Cognition and Functional Mobility in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment.

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2025 to 2025Enrolled50ConditionsCognitive Impairment, Balance Changes, Cognition Disorders in Old Age, Functional MobilityArmsLee Silverman treatment big, Dual task training
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

94 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  5. Exergaming for dementia and mild cognitive impairment.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024
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34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Oksoo KimCollege of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
Yanghee PangCollege of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
Jung-Hee KimAssociate Professor, Department of Clinical Nursing, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea. jhee90@catholic.ac.kr.ORCID 0000-0003-0341-7007

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVirtual Reality (VR) is increasingly used in health-related fields and interventions using VR have the potential to be powerful tools in patient management. The aim of this study was to synthesize the effects of VR interventions for people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.

methodsElectronic databases were searched to identify studies that used an experimental design to investigate VR intervention outcomes for patients with MCI or dementia. Studies were excluded if the intervention did not focus on VR, if relevant quantitative outcomes were not reported, or if the intended study purpose was assessment or diagnosis. Data were extracted and analyzed from studies that met criteria. To synthesize the intervention effect sizes (ES), we used random effects models to accommodate heterogeneity in the main effect and sub-group analyses. To identify the potential reason for heterogeneity and compare ES according to the moderator variables, subgroup analyses were conducted based on study characteristics and intervention outcomes.

resultsData from eleven studies that met eligibility criteria were analyzed. VR intervention delivered to participants with MCI or dementia produced small to medium effects (ES = 0.29, CI = 0.16, 0.42). The ES for studies using semi-immersive technology (ES = 0.37, CI = 0.25, 0.49) was greater than the studies using full-immersive VR (ES = 0.03, CI = -0.14, 0.21). The results showed small-to-medium effects for VR interventions affecting key outcome variables such as cognition (ES = 0.42, CI = 0.24, 0.60) and physical fitness (ES = 0.41, CI = 0.16, 0.65).

conclusionVR interventions, particularly of the semi-immersive type, are useful for people with MCI or dementia. These results should contribute to the establishment of practical guidelines for VR interventions for patients with cognitive decline.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionDementiaHumansTreatment OutcomeVirtual Reality Exposure TherapyDementiaMeta-analysisMild cognitive impairmentVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID31299921
PMCPMC6626425

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.