ArticleEndocrine connections2019
PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in pulmonary carcinoid tumors and their association to tumor spread.
Article in Endocrine connections, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digital Immunophenotyping of Lung Atypical Carcinoids and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinomas Identifies Three Subtypes With Specific Tumor-Immune Microenvironment Features.Endocrine pathology · 2025Article
- Enhancer landscape of lung neuroendocrine tumors reveals regulatory and developmental signatures with potential theranostic implications.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Review
- Emerging Immunotherapeutic and Diagnostic Modalities in Carcinoid Tumors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors: How Does Molecular Profiling Help?Current oncology reports · 2022Review
- Advanced atypical lung carcinoid tumour successfully treated with carboplatin, etoposide and atezolizumab: A case report.Respirology case reports · 2022Article
- Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Lung Carcinoids with Aggressive Behaviour: One More Arrow in Our Quiver?Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- [Progress of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Advanced Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2021Review
- "Present and future of immunotherapy in Neuroendocrine Tumors".Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2021Review
- Prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumours.Endocrine connections · 2021Article
- Novel immunotherapy strategies for treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms.Translational gastroenterology and hepatology · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pulmonary carcinoid (PC) tumors are rare tumors that account for approximately 1% of all lung cancers. The primary treatment option is surgery, while there is no standard treatment for metastatic disease. As the number of PCs diagnosed yearly is increasing, there is a need to establish novel therapeutic options. This study aimed to investigate programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in PC tumors since blocking of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is a promising therapeutic option in various other malignancies. A total of 168 PC patients treated between 1990 and 2013 were collected from the Finnish biobanks. After re-evaluation of the tumors, 131 (78%) were classified as typical carcinoid (TC) and 37 (22%) as atypical carcinoid (AC) tumors. Primary tumor samples were immunohistochemically labeled for PD-1, PD-L1 and CD8. High PD-1 expression was detected in 16% of the tumors. PD-L1 expression was detected in 7% of TC tumors; all AC tumors were PD-L1 negative. PD-L1 expression was associated with mediastinal lymph-node metastasis at the time of diagnosis (P = 0.021) as well as overall metastatic potential of the tumor (P = 0.010). Neither PD-1 expression, PD-L1 expression nor CD8+ T cell density was associated with survival. In conclusion, PD-1 and PD-L1 were expressed in a small proportion of PC tumors and PD-L1 expression was associated with metastatic disease. Targeting of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway with immune checkpoint inhibitors may thus offer a treatment option for a subset of PC patients.
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