Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31298180›Full record

SynthesisPsychological medicine2020

Equivalency of the diagnostic accuracy of the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Yin Wu, Brooke Levis, Kira E Riehm, Nazanin Saadat, Alexander W Levis, Marleine Azar, Danielle B Rice, Jill Boruff, Pim Cuijpers, Simon Gilbody and 69 more

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Psychological medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT06878937 ('Thriving With Bipolar Disorder'), which is not on this map. Cited by 212 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
212citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06878937 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

'Thriving With Bipolar Disorder': Co-design and Pilot Evaluation of a Peer-Delivered, Quality of Life Focused Group Psychoeducation Program

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of British ColumbiaRan2025 to 2025Enrolled44ConditionsBipolar Disorder (BD), Quality of Life (QOL)ArmsPeer Delivered Psychoeducation Program
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

212 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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152 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

79 authors.

Yin WuLady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Brooke LevisLady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Kira E RiehmLady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Nazanin SaadatLady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Alexander W LevisLady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Marleine AzarLady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Danielle B RiceLady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Jill BoruffSchulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Pim CuijpersDepartment of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Simon GilbodyHull York Medical School and the Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK.
John P A IoannidisDepartment of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Lorie A KlodaLibrary, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Dean McMillanHull York Medical School and the Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK.
Scott B PattenDepartment of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Ian ShrierLady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Roy C ZiegelsteinDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Dickens H AkenaDepartment of Psychiatry, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
Bruce ArrollDepartment of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Liat AyalonLouis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Hamid R BaradaranEndocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Murray BaronLady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Charles H BombardierDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Peter ButterworthCentre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Gregory CarterCentre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Marcos H ChagasDepartment of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Juliana C N ChanDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China.
Rushina CholeraDepartment of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Yeates ConwellDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA.
Janneke M de Man-van GinkelJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Jesse R FannDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Felix H FischerDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Daniel FungDepartment of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
Bizu GelayeDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Felicity Goodyear-SmithDepartment of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Catherine G GreenoSchool of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Brian J HallGlobal and Community Mental Health Research Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau Special Administrative Region, China.
Patricia A HarrisonCity of Minneapolis Health Department, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Martin HärterDepartment of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Ulrich HegerlDepression Research Center of the German Depression Foundation and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
Leanne HidesSchool of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Stevan E HobfollSTAR-Stress, Anxiety & Resilience Consultants, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Marie HudsonLady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Thomas HyphantisDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Masatoshi InagakiDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan.
Nathalie JettéDepartment of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Mohammad E KhamsehEndocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Kim M KielySchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Yunxin KwanDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Femke LamersDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Shen-Ing LiuProgramme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Manote LotrakulDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Sonia R LoureiroDepartment of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Bernd LöweDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Anthony McGuireDepartment of Nursing, St. Joseph's College, Standish, Maine, USA.
Sherina Mohd-SidikDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cancer Resource & Education Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Tiago N MunhozPost-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Kumiko MuramatsuDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Niigata Seiryo University, Niigata, Japan.
Flávia L OsórioDepartment of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Vikram PatelDepartment of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Brian W PenceDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Philippe PersoonsDepartment of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Angelo PicardiCentre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
Katrin ReuterDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Alasdair G RooneyDivision of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburg, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Iná S SantosPost-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Juwita ShaabanDepartment of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Abbey SidebottomAllina Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Adam SimningDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA.
Lesley StaffordCentre for Women's Mental Health, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
Sharon SungDepartment of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
Pei Lin Lynnette TanDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Alyna TurnerSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Newcastle, Australia.
Henk C van WeertDepartment of General Practice, Amsterdam Institute for General Practice and Public Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Jennifer WhiteMonash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Mary A WhooleyDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Kirsty WinkleyFlorence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK.
Mitsuhiko YamadaDepartment of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
Andrea BenedettiDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Brett D ThombsLady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-5644-8432

Funding

Obesity and Energy Metabolism CoreP30DK050456 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI CROW, SCOTT J · 1995 to 2015
$17.0M
University of Rochester Mentoring Environment: Nurturing Training Opportunities in Research (UR-MENTOR)T32GM007356 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI O'BANION, M. KERRY · 1985 to 2023
$15.1M
CDC Injury Control Research Center for Preventing Suicide (CDC ICRC S)R49CE002093 · CE · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI CAINE, ERIC D. · 2012 to 2018
$5.6M
Epidemiology of Depression and Heart Failure in AgingR01HL079235 · NHLBI · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE RES &EDUC · PI WHOOLEY, MARY A · 2005 to 2009
$4.2M
The University of Rochester's Clinical and Translational Science InstituteTL1RR024135 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI PEARSON, THOMAS ARTHUR · 2006 to 2011
$3.7M
University of Washington MHIRT Training Program GrantT37MD001449 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI WILLIAMS, MICHELLE A. · 2005 to 2018
$3.5M
IP-RISP: The Senior Health and Research AllianceR24MH071604 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI CONWELL, YEATES · 2006 to 2010
$2.5M
Methods of Optimal Depression Detection in Parkinson'sR01MH069666 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI MARSH, LAURA · 2004 to 2009
$2.3M
Terrorism and Traumatic Responding: Exposure and Resiliency FactorsR01MH073687 · NIMH · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI HOBFOLL, STEVAN · 2006 to 2009
$2.2M
THE TREATMENT OF EATING DISORDERSK02MH065919 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI CROW, SCOTT J · 2003 to 2007
$689k
Adaptation of a Depression Treatment Intervention for HIV Patients in CameroonR34MH084673 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI GAYNES, BRADLEY N · 2009 to 2011
$627k
Stepped Care Treatment of Postpartum DepressionR34MH072925 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI GJERDINGEN, DWENDA K. · 2005 to 2007
$489k
AHRQ HHS R36 HS018246CIHR FRN 83518Department of Health RP-PG-0606-1142Medical Research Council MR/J000914/1MRF_ C0396NCIPC CDC HHS R49 CE002093NCRR NIH HHS TL1 RR024135NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL079235NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK050456NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007356NIMHD NIH HHS T37 MD001449NIMH NIH HHS F30 MH096664NIMH NIH HHS K02 MH065919NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH069666NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH073687NIMH NIH HHS R24 MH071604NIMH NIH HHS R34 MH072925NIMH NIH HHS R34 MH084673
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundItem 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) queries about thoughts of death and self-harm, but not suicidality. Although it is sometimes used to assess suicide risk, most positive responses are not associated with suicidality. The PHQ-8, which omits Item 9, is thus increasingly used in research. We assessed equivalency of total score correlations and the diagnostic accuracy to detect major depression of the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9.

methodsWe conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis. We fit bivariate random-effects models to assess diagnostic accuracy.

results16 742 participants (2097 major depression cases) from 54 studies were included. The correlation between PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 scores was 0.996 (95% confidence interval 0.996 to 0.996). The standard cutoff score of 10 for the PHQ-9 maximized sensitivity + specificity for the PHQ-8 among studies that used a semi-structured diagnostic interview reference standard (N = 27). At cutoff 10, the PHQ-8 was less sensitive by 0.02 (-0.06 to 0.00) and more specific by 0.01 (0.00 to 0.01) among those studies (N = 27), with similar results for studies that used other types of interviews (N = 27). For all 54 primary studies combined, across all cutoffs, the PHQ-8 was less sensitive than the PHQ-9 by 0.00 to 0.05 (0.03 at cutoff 10), and specificity was within 0.01 for all cutoffs (0.00 to 0.01).

conclusionsPHQ-8 and PHQ-9 total scores were similar. Sensitivity may be minimally reduced with the PHQ-8, but specificity is similar.

Indexed as

Patient Health QuestionnaireFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMajor Depressive DisorderMaleMass ScreeningMiddle AgedSensitivity and SpecificityDepressiondiagnostic accuracyindividual participant data meta-analysismeta-analysisPHQ-8PHQ-9screeningsystematic review

Identifiers

PMID31298180
PMCPMC6954991

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.