ArticleBMJ open sport & exercise medicine2019
Novel insights of overtraining syndrome discovered from the EROS study.
Article in BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Molecular Biomarkers of Training Responses: A Systems Framework for Exercise Adaptation and Athlete Monitoring.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Elite collegiate swimmers do not meet sport nutrition recommendations during heavy training: effects of sex and within-day nutrient timing.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Biochemical and psychological markers of fatigue and recovery in mixed martial arts athletes during strength and conditioning training.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of a 5-Day Back Squat Overreaching Protocol on Strength Performance, Perceived Recovery and Wellness Responses: A Pilot Trial.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Seasonal Changes in Performance Metrics, Hormonal, Hematological, and Biochemical Markers Among Semi-Professional Soccer Players: Implications for Training and Recovery.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Factors Associated with Low Back Overuse Injuries in Sports Science Students - A Prospective Study.Zdravstveno varstvo · 2025Article
- Time Course of Performance Indexes, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Muscle Damage Markers after a Female Futsal Match.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Association between Training Frequency, Symptoms of Overtraining and Injuries in Young Men Soccer Players.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- mHealth system (ATOPE+) to support exercise prescription in breast cancer survivors: a reliability and validity, cross-sectional observational study (ATOPE study).Scientific reports · 2022Observational
- A Systematic Dry-Needling Treatment to Support Recovery Posttraining for Division I Ice Hockey Athletes: An Exploration Case Series.Journal of athletic training · 2022Article
- Overtraining Syndrome (OTS) and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S): Shared Pathways, Symptoms and Complexities.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Review
- "Is It Overtraining or Just Work Ethic?": Coaches' Perceptions of Overtraining in High-Performance Strength Sports.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Urinary Catecholamines as Markers in Overtraining Syndrome.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2021Review
- Chronic Aerobic Training at Different Volumes in the Modulation of Macrophage Function andFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Overtraining Syndrome as a Complex Systems Phenomenon.Frontiers in network physiology · 2021Review
- Stress and recovery perception, creatine kinase levels, and performance parameters of male volleyball athletes in a preseason for a championship.Sports medicine - open · 2020Article
- Hypogonadism in Exercising Males: Dysfunction or Adaptive-Regulatory Adjustment?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
- Eating, Sleep, and Social Patterns as Independent Predictors of Clinical, Metabolic, and Biochemical Behaviors Among Elite Male Athletes: The EROS-PREDICTORS Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Article
- Diagnosis of Overtraining Syndrome: Results of the Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome Study: EROS-DIAGNOSIS.Journal of sports medicine (Hindawi Publishing Corporation) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundExcessive training and inadequate recovery could cause 'overtraining syndrome' (OTS), which is characterised by underperformance and fatigue. The pathophysiology of OTS is unclear. We aimed to describe novel mechanisms and risk factors associated with OTS, and thereby facilitate its early identification and prevention, from a comprehensive joint qualitative analysis of the findings from all the four arms of the Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome (EROS) study.
methodsWe compared the types and proportions of behavioural patterns of 67 evaluated parameters of OTS from 51 participants-athletes with OTS (OTS, n=14), healthy athletes (n=25) and healthy non-physically active controls (n=12). We performed overall and pairwise comparisons for statistically significant differences between the three groups (p<0.05).
resultsA total of 44 (65.7%) markers exhibited significant differences between the three groups: 32 (72.7%) showed a loss of the conditioning effect of exercise ('deconditioning'), 7 (15.9%) showed changes exclusive to OTS, 3 (6.8%) maintained the exercise-induced conditioning effects and 2 (4.5%) revealed an exacerbation of the adaptive changes to exercises.
conclusionOur findings suggest that OTS is likely triggered by multiple factors, not restricted to excessive training, resulted from a chronic energy deprivation, leading to multiple losses in the conditioning processes typically observed in healthy athletes, as a combination of 'paradoxical deconditioning' processes, which explains the gradual and marked loss of physical conditioning found in OTS. We, therefore, suggest that the term 'paradoxical deconditioning syndrome' better represents the features of this syndrome.
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