ArticleBMJ open gastroenterology2019
Current smoking habits in British IBD patients in the age of e-cigarettes.
Article in BMJ open gastroenterology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preventing Recurrence of Crohn's Disease Post-Ileocaecal Surgery in Paediatric Patients: A Therapy Guide Based on Systematic Review of the Evidence.Paediatric drugs · 2024Pooled it
- Review
- Preferences, Expectations and Management Satisfaction in IBD Patients: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Preoperative Optimization of Crohn's Patients before Abdominopelvic Surgery.Clinics in colon and rectal surgery · 2025Review
- Are Internet Information Sources Helpful for Adult Crohn's Disease Patients Regarding Nutritional Advice?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Health Maintenance Consensus for Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2021Article
- Impact of Cigarette Smoking on the Risk of Osteoporosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Smoking among High School Students in Iran: A Meta-Analysis Study.Iranian journal of psychiatry · 2021Review
- The impact of tobacco smoking on treatment choice and efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease.Intestinal research · 2021Review
- Patients' perspectives on smoking and inflammatory bowel disease: An online survey in collaboration with European Federation of Crohn's and Ulcerative Colitis Associations.World journal of gastroenterology · 2020Article
- The Management Approach to the Adolescent IBD Patient: Health Maintenance and Medication Considerations.Current gastroenterology reports · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmoking has a detrimental effect on Crohn's disease (CD) while data on ulcerative colitis (UC) are conflicting. Smoking habits have changed dramatically in the UK due to a public smoking ban and the advent of e-cigarettes. We describe current smoking rates in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and any effects on disease course.
methodsSelf-reported smoking status was elicited in outpatients with IBD, and clinical data were extracted from patient records.
resultsOf 465 patients (58% CD, 42% UC), 247 (53.1%) were ever-smokers (37.4% ex-smokers, 15.7% current smokers). Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were ever used by 28 patients (15 current users). All e-cigarette users had previously smoked cigarettes and 13 had stopped smoking completely. Patients with CD were more likely to currently smoke (21.5% vs 7.7%, p<0.001) than those with UC. Ever use of biological therapy was higher in current smokers compared with never smokers (49% vs 35%, p=0.034). The need for surgery was higher in current smokers compared with never smokers (43% vs 25%, p=0.006). The risk of CD complications during 21-month prospective follow-up was numerically higher for current smoker versus e-cigarette users (53% vs 17%, p=0.19).Compared with the general population, the proportion of current cigarette smokers (14.9% vs 15.1%) and e-cigarette users was similar in our cohort (4.26% vs 5.5%).
conclusionsPatients with IBD show similar smoking behaviour to the general population. E-cigarettes were used as replacement for cigarettes or by some as an intermediate step for smoking cessation. Larger, prospective studies are required to fully determine the effects of e-cigarettes on IBD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.