ArticleInfectious agents and cancer2019
The value of cytokine levels in triage and risk prediction for women with persistent high-risk human papilloma virus infection of the cervix.
Article in Infectious agents and cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-Term Outcomes After Cervical Cold Knife Conization or Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure.JAMA surgery · 2026Article
- The Vaginal Microbiome and Host Health: Implications for Cervical Cancer Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- L-type association between magnesium intake and human papillomavirus infection in US adult women: based on NHANES 2003-2016 data.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- L-shaped association between dietary iron intake and HPV infection: a cross-sectional analysis based on national health and nutrition examination survey 2005-2016.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Curdione combined with borneol treats bacterial mixed HPV infection by regulating the crosstalk among immune cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Characterization of multiple human papillomavirus types in the human vagina following ovarian hormonal stimulation.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Performance of an ancillary test for cervical cancer that measures miRNAs and cytokines in serum and cervical mucus.Cancer science · 2024Article
- Vaginal Microbiota and HPV in Latin America: A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Mechanistic analysis of Th2-type inflammatory factors in asthma.Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Article
- Interleukin 10 rs1800896 and interleukin 1B rs16944 polymorphisms and the risk of cervical cancer.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2023Article
- Cervical Microbiota Influences Cytokine Diversity in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia among Rural Women in the Akyemansa District of Ghana.BioMed research international · 2023Article
- Like Brothers in Arms: How Hormonal Stimuli and Changes in the Metabolism Signaling Cooperate, Leading HPV Infection to Drive the Onset of Cervical Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Role of Immunity and Vaginal Microbiome in Clearance and Persistence of Human Papillomavirus Infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Cervical Carcinoma: Oncobiology and Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Correlation between melatonin concentration and cytokines in cervical mucus in positive samples for the presence of human papillomavirus.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Article
- The Immune Microenvironment in Human Papilloma Virus-Induced Cervical Lesions-Evidence for Estrogen as an Immunomodulator.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCervical cancer is a common cancer among women worldwide and is closely related to high-risk human papillomavirus infection (HR-HPV). The immune microenvironment is thought to play an essential role in viral infection and cancer development; however, this relationship remains controversial. Cytokines are an important part of the immune system. Therefore, in this study, we explored changes in cervical cytokine levels of women with persistent HR-HPV infection and determined the value of cytokine detection in assessing cervical lesions.
methodsWe enrolled 146 patients; 117 had long-term high-risk (HR) HPV infection (> 6 months), and 29 were HPV-negative with previous HR-HPV infection. According to histopathological examination, 43 patients were diagnosed with cervicitis; 35, with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs); and 39, with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). Cytokine levels in vaginal fluid were examined using cytometric bead array, and the values of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-2 levels were converted to a cytokine score. The performance of the cytokine score for diagnosis and risk assessment was compared with that of ThinPrep cytology tests (TCTs).
resultsDisease severity was positively associated with IL-6 levels and inversely related to IL-2 levels. The area under the curve (AUC) was higher for the cytokine score including IL-6 and IL-2 than for TCTs for HSILs. Comparisons of the sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, and positive and negative predictive values for HSILs demonstrated that the cytokine score was better than TCT. HPV-positive patients with high cytokine scores showed increased risk of developing HSIL within 3 years. The hazard ratio for the cytokine score was 3.12; thus, the risk of developing HSIL was related to the cytokine score.
conclusionsThe cytokine score increased with the severity of cervical lesions and could distinguish more patients from HPV-positive women and predict the risk of disease progression.
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