ArticleNutrients2019
Pregnant Women in Four Low-Middle Income Countries Have a High Prevalence of Inadequate Dietary Intakes That Are Improved by Dietary Diversity.
Article in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01883193 (Women First), which is not on this map. Cited by 62 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Women First: Preconception Maternal Nutrition
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Role of preconception nutrition supplements in maternal anemia and intrauterine growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal Dietary Patterns and Pregnancy Hypertension in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Interventions on Food Security and Water Uses for Improving Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women and Children Younger Than Five Years in Low-Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Women with moderate anaemia prior to conception benefited most from nutrition interventions: a secondary analysis of the Women First preconception maternal nutrition trial.BMJ global health · 2026Trial
- Zinc Supplementation Initiated Prior to or During Pregnancy Modestly Impacted Maternal Status and High Prevalence of Hypozincemia in Pregnancy and Lactation: The Women First Preconception Maternal Nutrition Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Seasonality and Day-to-Day Variability of Dietary Diversity: Longitudinal Study of Pregnant Women Enrolled in a Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial in Rural Burkina Faso.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Use of Smokeless Tobacco Before Conception and Its Relationship With Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Pregnancy in Thatta, Pakistan: Findings From Women First Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Trial
- Home gardening improves dietary diversity, a cluster-randomized controlled trial among Tanzanian women.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Maternal Characteristics Affect Fetal Growth Response in the Women First Preconception Nutrition Trial.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Riboflavin Deficiency Is Highly Prevalent in Females and Children across High and Low/Middle Income Countries Worldwide.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Food consumption patterns and nutrient adequacy across lifecycle stages in Bangladesh.PloS one · 2026Article
- Social and Cultural Barriers and Facilitators Affecting Mothers' Dietary Practices in Eastern Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- The Role of Diet in Women of Childbearing Age: Current Evidence Supporting Nutritional Recommendations.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Assessment of heatwave impacts on child feeding practices across 36 low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional analysis.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2025Article
- Narrative Review of the Validity and Cross-Context Equivalence of Healthy Diet Metrics and Their Data Collection Methods for Global Monitoring.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Review
- How Anaemia Perceptions Shape Dietary Diversity Practice in Pregnancy: A Health Belief Model Study in Tanzania.The East African health research journal · 2025Article
- Gestational and early postnatal protein malnutrition disrupts neurodevelopment in rhesus macaques.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Micronutrient deficiency, dietary diversity, and sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of dietary diversity among pregnant slum-dwelling women in Pune, India.BMC nutrition · 2024Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUp-to-date dietary data are required to understand the diverse nutritional challenges of pregnant women living in low-middle income countries (LMIC). To that end, dietary data were collected from 1st trimester pregnant women in rural areas of Guatemala, India, Pakistan, and Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) participating in a maternal lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) Randomized Controlled Trial to examine dietary diversity (DD), usual group energy and nutrient intakes, and prevalence of inadequate dietary intakes.
methodsTwo 24-h dietary recalls were conducted in ~240 pregnant women/site (total
resultsDietary patterns varied widely among sites, with adequate DD reported: 20% (Pakistan), 25% (DRC), 50% (Guatemala), and 70% (India). Significantly higher intakes of most key nutrients were observed in participants with adequate DD. More than 80% of women in all sites had inadequate intakes of folate, vitamin B12, and choline, and >80% of women in India and DRC also had inadequate intakes of calcium, thiamine, riboflavin, and vitamin B6.
conclusionsOur data highlight the likely need for micronutrient supplementation in pregnancy, specifically multi-micronutrient interventions, and support the value of increasing DD as part of sustainable long-term nutrition programs for women of reproductive age in these poor rural settings in LMIC.
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