ArticlePloS one2019
Mortality during treatment for tuberculosis; a review of surveillance data in a rural county in Kenya.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of risk factors for mortality among tuberculosis patients in South Africa.Systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Malnutrition assessment methods in adult patients with tuberculosis: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of the quality of conduct and reporting of survival analyses of tuberculosis outcomes in Africa.BMC medical research methodology · 2021Pooled it
- Determinants of drop-offs in the targeted universal tuberculosis testing care cascade among people with HIV in rural and urban facilities in South Africa.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2026Article
- Tuberculosis mortality and drug resistance among patients under TB treatment before and during COVID-19 in Burundi: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- High mortality among patients with tuberculosis accessing primary care facilities: secondary analysis from an open-label cluster-randomised trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Mortality and loss to follow-up among Tuberculosis patients on treatment in Meru County, Kenya: a retrospective cohort study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Digital Health Interventions to Enhance Continuity of Care in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Review
- Survival analysis shows tuberculosis patients with silicosis experience earlier mortality and need employer-led care models in occupational settings in India.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The clinical profile and outcomes of drug resistant tuberculosis in Central Province of Zambia.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance ofFrontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Mortality among persons with tuberculosis in Zambian hospitals: A retrospective cohort study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Burden of HIV and treatment outcomes among TB patients in rural Kenya: a 9-year longitudinal study.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Predictors of mortality and survival probability distribution among patients on tuberculosis treatment in Vihiga County, Kenya.African health sciences · 2023Article
- Tuberculosis poor treatment outcomes and its determinants in Kilifi County, Kenya: a retrospective cohort study from 2012 to 2019.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- Early mortality during rifampicin-resistant TB treatment.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2022Article
- Tuberculosis infection among youths in overcrowded university hostels in Kenya: a cross-sectional study.Tropical medicine and health · 2021Article
- Predictors for tuberculosis co-infection in people living with HIV/AIDs.African health sciences · 2021Article
- The effect of empirical and laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis on treatment outcomes.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- A Four-Year Hospital-Based Retrospective Study of the Predictors of Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV and Receiving Care at Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon.International journal of MCH and AIDS · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGlobally in 2016, 1.7 million people died of Tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to estimate all-cause mortality rate, identify features associated with mortality and describe trend in mortality rate from treatment initiation.
methodA 5-year (2012-2016) retrospective analysis of electronic TB surveillance data from Kilifi County, Kenya. The outcome was all-cause mortality within 180 days after starting TB treatment. The risk factors examined were demographic and clinical features at the time of starting anti-TB treatment. We performed survival analysis with time at risk defined from day of starting TB treatment to time of death, lost-to-follow-up or completing treatment. To account for 'lost-to-follow-up' we used competing risk analysis method to examine risk factors for all-cause mortality.
results10,717 patients receiving TB treatment, median (IQR) age 33 (24-45) years were analyzed; 3,163 (30%) were HIV infected. Overall, 585 (5.5%) patients died; mortality rate of 12.2 (95% CI 11.3-13.3) deaths per 100 person-years (PY). Mortality rate increased from 7.8 (95% CI 6.4-9.5) in 2012 to 17.7 (95% CI 14.9-21.1) in 2016 per 100PY (Ptrend<0.0001). 449/585 (77%) of the deaths occurred within the first three months after starting TB treatment. The median time to death (IQR) declined from 87 (40-100) days in 2012 to 46 (18-83) days in 2016 (Ptrend = 0·04). Mortality rate per 100PY was 7.3 (95% CI 6.5-7.8) and 23.1 (95% CI 20.8-25.7) among HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected patients respectively. Age, being a female, extrapulmonary TB, being undernourished, HIV infected and year of diagnosis were significantly associated with mortality.
conclusionsWe found most deaths occurred within three months and an increasing mortality rate during the time under review among patients on TB treatment. Our results therefore warrant further investigation to explore host, disease or health system factors that may explain this trend.
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