ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2019
Unfolding the Human Milk Microbiome Landscape in the Omics Era.
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05119166 (International Milk Composition), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Breastfeeding and COVID-19: From Nutrition to Immunity.Frontiers in immunologyPooled it
- Human milk microbiota: origins, determinants, and roles in maternal-infant microbial transmission and infant microbiome assembly.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Dynamics and drivers of the human breast milk microbiome across lactation stages.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Assembly of the infant gut microbiome and resistome are linked to bacterial strains in mother's milk.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Pumping and hygiene practices are associated with bacterial load and microbial composition in human milk expressed at home.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- The Fourth Survey on the Activity of Human Milk Banks in Italy.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Integrating the milk microbiome signatures in mastitis: milk-omics and functional implications.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Human Milk Archaea Associated with Neonatal Gut Colonization and Its Co-Occurrence with Bacteria.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Microbiome: Mammalian milk microbiomes: sources of diversity, potential functions, and future research directions.Reproduction & fertility · 2024Review
- X-ray structure and characterization of a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 L-rhamnose isomerase.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Microbial Dysbiosis and Male Infertility: Understanding the Impact and Exploring Therapeutic Interventions.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Does the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine's Clinical Protocol #36 'The Mastitis Spectrum' promote overtreatment and risk worsened outcomes for breastfeeding families? Commentary.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Article
- Exploring breast tissue microbial composition and the association with breast cancer risk factors.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- Probiotics: insights and new opportunities forCritical reviews in microbiology · 2023Review
- Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Clinical NEC prevention practices drive different microbiome profiles and functional responses in the preterm intestine.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Perspective: Human Milk Composition and Related Data for National Health and Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Studies conducted in the last years have demonstrated that human milk represents a continuous supply of beneficial bacteria to the infant gut, which contribute to the maturation of the digestive and immune functions in the developing infant. Nevertheless, the origin of bacterial populations in milk is not fully understood yet and they have been proposed to originate from maternal skin, infant's mouth, and (or) endogenously, from the maternal digestive tract through a mechanism involving immune cells. Understanding the composition, functions and assembly of the human milk microbiota has important implications not only for the infant gut microbiota establishment, but also for the mammary health since dysbiosis in the milk bacteria may lead to mastitis. Besides, host, microbial, medical and environmental factors may affect the composition of the human milk microbiome, with implications for the mother-infant health. Application of both culture-dependent and -independent techniques to assess the milk microbiome faces some practical limitations but, together, have allowed providing novel and complementary views on its origin, composition and functioning as summarized in this minireview. In the next future, the application of the ultimate advances in next-generation sequencing and omics approaches, including culturomics, will allow a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the composition and functions of these microbial communities, including their interactions with other milk components, expanding the opportunities to design novel microbiome-based modulation strategies for this ecosystem.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.