ReviewFrontiers in psychiatry2019
Autism Associated With Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: Glutamate-Related Therapy.
Review in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Neuroimmunology of Autism.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Retrospective Comparison of Patients Evaluated for Pediatric Autoimmune Encephalitis with Typical and Atypical Premorbid Neuropsychiatric Development.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Reversal of Autism Symptoms among Dizygotic Twins through a Personalized Lifestyle and Environmental Modification Approach: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Single-locus and Haplotype Associations of GRIN2B Gene with Autism Spectrum Disorders and the Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients in Guilan, Iran.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Altered meningeal immunity contributing to the autism-like behavior of BTBRBrain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Targeting NMDA Receptors at the Neurovascular Unit: Past and Future Treatments for Central Nervous System Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Sodium Benzoate-Harmfulness and Potential Use in Therapies for Disorders Related to the Nervous System: A Review.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Common outcome, different pathways: Social information-processing deficits in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.World journal of psychiatry · 2022Review
- Underrepresentation of Phenotypic Variability of 16p13.11 Microduplication Syndrome Assessed With an Online Self-Phenotyping Tool (Phenotypr): Cohort Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Article
- Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antibody encephalitis combined with syphilis: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2020Article
- Can Maternal Autoantibodies Play an Etiological Role in ASD Development?Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2020Review
- C1q/TNF-related protein-1: Potential biomarker for early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to correlate autism with autoimmune dysfunction in the absence of an explanation for the etiology of autism spectrum disorder. The anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) autoantibody is a typical synaptic protein that can bind to synaptic NMDA glutamate receptors, leading to dysfunctional glutamate neurotransmission in the brain that manifests as psychiatric symptoms (psychosis, hallucinations, and personality changes). Detection of autoantibodies, cytokines, decreased lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulin level imbalance, T-cell mediated immune profile, maternal infection history, and children's infection history can all be vital biological markers of autoimmune autism. Diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis sooner can increase the effectiveness of curative treatments-such as immune therapy or immune modulatory therapy-that may prevent the long-term consequence of being misdiagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Glutamate therapy primarily normalizes glutamate neurotransmission and can be a new add-on intervention alongside antipsychotics for treating autoimmune autism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.