ArticleNature2019
Apidima Cave fossils provide earliest evidence of Homo sapiens in Eurasia.
Article in Nature, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 310 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clades, Grades, and the Genus Problem: A Case for Revising Hominin Taxonomy.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026Review
- Virtual reconstruction and analysis of the face of DFN3-150 Paradolichopithecus aff. arvernensis specimen from Dafnero, Greece.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A morphological analysis of the modern human frontal bone from Hahnöfersand, Germany.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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- New Middle Pleistocene Hominin Dental Remains From Velika Balanica, Serbia.American journal of biological anthropology · 2025Article
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- Archaic introgression and the distribution of shared variation under stabilizing selection.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Evidence for Pathogen-Driven Selection Acting onEcology and evolution · 2025Article
- Dentition of the Mugharet El'Aliya Fossil Human Maxilla, Morocco.American journal of biological anthropology · 2025Article
- Rapid change in red cell blood group systems after the main Out of Africa of Homo sapiens.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Reconstructing contact and a potential interbreeding geographical zone between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Human population dynamics in Upper Paleolithic Europe inferred from fossil dental phenotypes.Science advances · 2024Article
- Recurrent gene flow between Neanderthals and modern humans over the past 200,000 years.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Environmental conditions associated with initial northern expansion of anatomically modern humans.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Abrupt onset of intensive human occupation 44,000 years ago on the threshold of Sahul.Nature communications · 2024Article
- New Late Pleistocene age for the Homo sapiens skeleton from Liujiang southern China.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The Persian plateau served as hub for Homo sapiens after the main out of Africa dispersal.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The Middle Pleistocene human metatarsal from Sedia del Diavolo (Rome, Italy).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Initial Upper Palaeolithic material culture by 45,000 years ago at Shiyu in northern China.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Article
- Modern humans in Northeast Asia.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Two fossilized human crania (Apidima 1 and Apidima 2) from Apidima Cave, southern Greece, were discovered in the late 1970s but have remained enigmatic owing to their incomplete nature, taphonomic distortion and lack of archaeological context and chronology. Here we virtually reconstruct both crania, provide detailed comparative descriptions and analyses, and date them using U-series radiometric methods. Apidima 2 dates to more than 170 thousand years ago and has a Neanderthal-like morphological pattern. By contrast, Apidima 1 dates to more than 210 thousand years ago and presents a mixture of modern human and primitive features. These results suggest that two late Middle Pleistocene human groups were present at this site-an early Homo sapiens population, followed by a Neanderthal population. Our findings support multiple dispersals of early modern humans out of Africa, and highlight the complex demographic processes that characterized Pleistocene human evolution and modern human presence in southeast Europe.
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