SynthesisJournal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN2019
Evaluating Glomerular Filtration Rate Slope as a Surrogate End Point for ESKD in Clinical Trials: An Individual Participant Meta-Analysis of Observational Data.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 203 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ultra-Processed Food and Chronic Kidney Disease Risk: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Recommendations.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Guidelines for clinical evaluation of chronic kidney disease in early stages : AMED research on regulatory science of pharmaceuticals and medical devices.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2024Guideline
- Mathematical expansion and clinical application of chronic kidney disease stage as vector field.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of GFR slope as a surrogate endpoint for kidney failure.Nature medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Urinary Proteomics Identifies Cathepsin D as a Biomarker of Rapid eGFR Decline in Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2022Pooled it
- Treatments for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Literature Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Association of Treatment Effects on Early Change in Urine Protein and Treatment Effects on GFR Slope in IgA Nephropathy: An Individual Participant Meta-analysis.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2021Pooled it
- Performance of GFR Slope as a Surrogate End Point for Kidney Disease Progression in Clinical Trials: A Statistical Simulation.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2019Pooled it
- GFR Slope as a Surrogate End Point for Kidney Disease Progression in Clinical Trials: A Meta-Analysis of Treatment Effects of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2019Pooled it
- Volenrelaxin (LY3540378) increases renal plasma flow: a randomized Phase 1 trial.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Trial
- Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2024Trial
- Prognostic significance of reduced eGFR for kidney outcomes and all-cause mortality in older Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria: a single-center cohort study.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026Article
- Length of Follow-Up Time Needed for Stable eGFR Slope Estimation in Glomerular Disease.Kidney360 · 2026Article
- Higher habitual protein intake is not linked to decline of iohexol-measured GFR in adults ≥40 years.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Re-evaluation of the prognosis of patients with IgA nephropathy and mild proteinuria: a longitudinal study with unexpected results.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation and Accelerated Kidney Function Decline in Working-Age Adults.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Where risk becomes visible: a layered fixed-policy framework for diabetic kidney disease screening in type 2 diabetes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Effect of dotinurad versus febuxostat on the one-year eGFR slope in CKD patients with hyperuricemia: a retrospective cohort study.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Review no. 2: a beginner's guide for calculating eGFR slope using linear mixed-effects model in R-step-by-step methods and code examples.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Dotinurad in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Observational
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 14 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDecline in eGFR is a biologically plausible surrogate end point for the progression of CKD in clinical trials. However, it must first be tested to ensure strong associations with clinical outcomes in diverse populations, including patients with higher eGFR.
methodsTo investigate the association between 1-, 2-, and 3-year changes in eGFR (slope) with clinical outcomes over the long term, we conducted a random effects meta-analysis of 3,758,551 participants with baseline eGFR≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m
resultsSlower eGFR decline by 0.75 ml/min per 1.73 m
conclusionsSlower decline in eGFR was associated with lower risk of subsequent ESKD, even in participants with eGFR≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.