Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2019
Long-term use of implanted peroneal functional electrical stimulation for stroke-affected gait: the effects on muscle and motor nerve.
Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of peripheral electrical stimulation on healthy individual and patients after stroke and its effects on the somatosensory evoked potentials. A systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Comparing the Effect of Implanted Peroneal Nerve Stimulation and Ankle-Foot Orthosis on Gait Kinematics in Chronic Hemiparesis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2023Trial
- Efficacy of functional electrical stimulation in rehabilitating patients with foot drop symptoms after stroke and its correlation with somatosensory evoked potentials-a crossover randomised controlled trial.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Trial
- Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) in Adults with Neurological Disorders and Foot Drop: Orthotic and Therapeutic Effects in Short- and Long-Term Users.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Relationship of serial muscle ultrasound of rectus femoris and ambulatory recovery in patients with acute incomplete spinal cord injury: A prospective observational study.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2025Observational
- Compensatory upregulation of MT2A alleviates neurogenic intermittent claudication through inhibiting activated p38 MAPK-mediated neuronal apoptosis.Human cell · 2024Article
- Biomimetic Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Promotes the Rat Hindlimb Motion Modulation in Stepping: An Experimental Analysis.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Asymmetric cortical activation in healthy and hemiplegic individuals during walking: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy neuroimaging study.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Musculoskeletal Health with High Discriminant Ability for Age and Gender.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Muscle Electrical Impedance Properties and Activation Alteration After Functional Electrical Stimulation-Assisted Cycling Training for Chronic Stroke Survivors: A Longitudinal Pilot Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPeripheral changes to muscle and motor nerves occur following stroke, which may further impair functional capacity. We investigated whether a year-long use of an implanted peroneal FES system reverses stroke-related changes in muscles and motor nerves in people with foot drop in the chronic phase after supratentorial stroke.
methodsThirteen persons with a chronic stroke (mean age 56.1 years, median Fugl-Meyer Assessment leg score 71%) were included and received an implanted peroneal FES system (ActiGait®). Quantitative muscle ultrasound (QMUS) images were obtained bilaterally from three leg muscles (i.e. tibialis anterior, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius). Echogenicity (muscle ultrasound gray value) and muscle thickness were assessed over a one-year follow-up and compared to age-, sex-, height- and weight-corrected reference values. Compound motor action potentials (CMAPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were obtained from the tibialis anterior muscle. Generalized estimated equation modeling was used to assess changes in QMUS, CMAPs and MEPs outcomes over the follow-up period.
resultsEchogenicity of the tibialis anterior decreased significantly during the follow-up on the paretic side. Z-scores changed from 0.88 at baseline to - 0.15 after 52 weeks. This was accompanied by a significant increase in muscle thickness on the paretic side, where z-scores changed from - 0.32 at baseline to 0.48 after 52 weeks. Echogenicity of the rectus femoris normalized on both the paretic and non-paretic side (z-scores changed from - 1.09 and - 1.51 to 0.14 and - 0.49, respectively). Amplitudes of CMAP and MEP (normalized to CMAP) were reduced during follow-up, particularly on the paretic side (ΔCMAP = 20% and ΔMEP = 14%).
conclusionsWe show that the structural changes to muscles following stroke are reversible with FES and that these changes might not be limited to electrically stimulated muscles. No evidence for improvement of the motor nerves was found.
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