Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31291966›Full record

ReviewJournal of neuroinflammation2019

Neuroinflammation: friend and foe for ischemic stroke.

Richard L Jayaraj, Sheikh Azimullah, Rami Beiram, Fakhreya Y Jalal, Gary A Rosenberg

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07754942 (Local-to-Systemic Inflammatory Biomarker Gradients and 90-Day Functional Outcomes in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy), which is not on this map. Cited by 836 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
836citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
62.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07754942 not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Local-to-Systemic Inflammatory Biomarker Gradients and 90-Day Functional Outcomes in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study

TypeobservationalSponsorZhongshan Hospital Xiamen UniversityRan2026 to 2029Enrolled50ConditionsAcute Ischemic Stroke, Large Vessel OcclusionArmsProspective Mechanical Thrombectomy Cohort
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

836 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,382 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The Effects of Cannabinoids on Ischemic Stroke-Associated Neuroinflammation: A Systematic Review.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Potential of Saliva in Stroke Patients: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review

776 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Richard L JayarajDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE.
Sheikh AzimullahDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE.
Rami BeiramDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE.
Fakhreya Y JalalDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE.
Gary A RosenbergDepartment of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. GRosenberg@salud.unm.edu.
United Arab Emirates University · AEUniversity of New Mexico · US

Funding

United Arab Emirates University UPAR 31M234
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Stroke, the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide, is undergoing a change in perspective with the emergence of new ideas on neurodegeneration. The concept that stroke is a disorder solely of blood vessels has been expanded to include the effects of a detrimental interaction between glia, neurons, vascular cells, and matrix components, which is collectively referred to as the neurovascular unit. Following the acute stroke, the majority of which are ischemic, there is secondary neuroinflammation that both promotes further injury, resulting in cell death, but conversely plays a beneficial role, by promoting recovery. The proinflammatory signals from immune mediators rapidly activate resident cells and influence infiltration of a wide range of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, different subtypes of T cells, and other inflammatory cells) into the ischemic region exacerbating brain damage. In this review, we discuss how neuroinflammation has both beneficial as well as detrimental roles and recent therapeutic strategies to combat pathological responses. Here, we also focus on time-dependent entry of immune cells to the ischemic area and the impact of other pathological mediators, including oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), arachidonic acid metabolites, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and post-translational modifications that could potentially perpetuate ischemic brain damage after the acute injury. Understanding the time-dependent role of inflammatory factors could help in developing new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic neuroprotective strategies for post-stroke inflammation.

Indexed as

AnimalsHumansInflammationStrokeBlood-brain barrierIschemiaNeuroinflammationStroke

Identifiers

PMID31291966
PMCPMC6617684
OpenAlexW2959218190

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.