ArticleThe Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research2019
Molecular detection and genetic characterisation of pathogenic Theileria, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species among apparently healthy sheep in central and western Kenya.
Article in The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalence of Anaplasma species infection in domestic small ruminants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Pooled it
- Tick-Borne Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review of Pathogens, Research Focus, and Implications for Public Health.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Molecular investigation of tick-borne and zoonotic pathogen dissemination and host-pathogen interactions in canines.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Tick infestation and molecular detection of causative agents of anaplasmosis in small ruminants from eastern Tanzania.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Article
- Tick-borne pathogens in meat sheep from Brazil: first report of Theileria ovis in sheep in latin America.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- Article
- Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Anaplasma and Theileria spp. in Pakistani sheep.PloS one · 2025Article
- Molecular detection and characterization of Anaplasma ovis, Theileria ovis, and Theileria lestoquardi in sheep and goats in Luxor, Egypt.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Molecular Identification of Piroplasmids in Ticks from Infested Small Ruminants in Konya Province, Turkey.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- Molecular prevalence and associated risk factors ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Article
- Molecular detection of Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in yaks (Bos grunniens) and Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Infection by haemopathogens and tick infestation of sheep during summer season in Constantine region, Northeast Algeria.Veterinary medicine and science · 2021Article
- Molecular detection of Theileria species, Anaplasma species, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, Trypanosoma evansi and first evidence of Theileria sinensis-associated bovine anaemia in crossbred Kedah-Kelantan x Brahman cattle.BMC veterinary research · 2021Article
- Tick-Borne Hemoparasites of Sheep: A Molecular Research in Turkey.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Molecular epidemiology of anaplasmosis in small ruminants along a human-livestock-wildlife interface in Uganda.Heliyon · 2021Article
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- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) caused by Theileria, Babesia, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species are common in tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, we investigated the presence and genetic diversity of Theileria spp., Anaplasma ovis, B. ovis, E. ruminantium and Anaplasma spp. in sheep from the Machakos and Homa Bay counties of Kenya. In order to improve the diagnosis and control of ovine TBDs, a total of 76 blood samples from apparently healthy sheep were screened using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The assays were conducted using primers based on Theileria spp. 18S rRNA, Anaplasma ovis Major surface protein-4 (AoMSP4), B. ovis 18S rRNA, E. ruminantium pCS20 and Anaplasma spp. 16S rRNA. The overall infection rates for Theileria spp., A. ovis, E. ruminantium and Anaplasma spp. were 39/76 (51.3%), 26/76 (34.2%), 6/76 (7.9%) and 31/76 (40.8%), respectively. The overall co-infection was 47/76 (61.8%). All Theileria spp. positive samples were confirmed to be of Theileria ovis on sequencing. A phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene sequences of T. ovis revealed that all isolates of this study clustered with T. ovis sequences extracted from the GenBank suggesting this gene is highly conserved. E. ruminantium pCS20 sequences were in the same clade on the phylogenetic tree. However, three AoMSP4 sequences from this study appeared in the same clade, while one sequence formed a separate branch revealing genetic divergence. The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed uncharacterised Anaplasma spp. and A. ovis. The phylogenetic analyses of the uncharacterised Anaplasma spp. revealed that the two sequences from this study appear in an independent clade from other sequences extracted from the GenBank. This study provides important information regarding the occurrence of tick-borne pathogens and their degree of genetic diversity among sheep in Kenya, which is useful for the diagnosis and control of TBDs.
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