Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2019
Longitudinal Phenotypes of Type 1 Diabetes in Youth Based on Weight and Glycemia and Their Association With Complications.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Bidirectional Relationship Between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Classification of Japanese type 1 diabetes based on clinical phenotypes and its association with diabetic complications: Across-sectional study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Observational
- Prevalence and severity of chronic kidney disease in a population with type 1 diabetes from a United States health system: a real-world cohort study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Major adverse events in youth-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes: The SEARCH and TODAY studies.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2024Article
- Applications of artificial intelligence and bioinformatics methodologies in the analysis of ocular biofluid markers: a scoping review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Postprandial Glucose Variability Following Typical Meals in Youth Living with Type 1 Diabetes.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Characterizing Use of a Multicomponent Digital Intervention to Predict Treatment Outcomes in First-Episode Psychosis: Cluster Analysis.JMIR mental health · 2022Article
- Article
- Diabetes in Youth: A Global Perspective.Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America · 2021Review
- Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Nutrition and Obesity in the Pathogenesis of Youth-Onset Type 1 Diabetes and Its Complications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- The clinical consequences of heterogeneity within and between different diabetes types.Diabetologia · 2020Review
- Longitudinal Phenotypes of Type 1 Diabetes in Youth Based on Weight and Glycemia and Their Association With Complications.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextSubclinical and clinical complications emerge early in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and may be associated with obesity and hyperglycemia.
objectiveTest how longitudinal "weight-glycemia" phenotypes increase susceptibility to different patterns of early/subclinical complications among youth with T1D.
designSEARCH for Diabetes in Youth observational study.
settingPopulation-based cohort.
participantsYouth with T1D (n = 570) diagnosed 2002 to 2006 or 2008.
main outcome measuresParticipants were clustered based on longitudinal body mass index z score and HbA1c from a baseline visit and 5+ year follow-up visit (mean diabetes duration: 1.4 ± 0.4 years and 8.2 ± 1.9 years, respectively). Logistic regression modeling tested cluster associations with seven early/subclinical diabetes complications at follow-up, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, age, and duration.
resultsFour longitudinal weight-glycemia clusters were identified: The Referent Cluster (n = 195, 34.3%), the Hyperglycemia Only Cluster (n = 53, 9.3%), the Elevated Weight Only Cluster (n = 206, 36.1%), and the Elevated Weight With Increasing Hyperglycemia (EWH) Cluster (n = 115, 20.2%). Compared with the Referent Cluster, the Hyperglycemia Only Cluster had elevated odds of dyslipidemia [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.22, 95% CI: 1.15 to 4.29], retinopathy (aOR 9.98, 95% CI: 2.49 to 40.0), and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (aOR 4.16, 95% CI: 1.37 to 12.62). The EWH Cluster had elevated odds of hypertension (aOR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.19 to 4.00), dyslipidemia (aOR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.41 to 3.95), arterial stiffness (aOR 2.46, 95% CI: 1.09 to 5.53), retinopathy (aOR 5.11, 95% CI: 1.34 to 19.46), and DKD (aOR 3.43, 95% CI: 1.29 to 9.11).
conclusionsWeight-glycemia phenotypes show different patterns of complications, particularly markers of subclinical macrovascular disease, even in the first decade of T1D.
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