ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2019
Behavioral and clinical signs of Chiari-like malformation-associated pain and syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles spaniels.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Concurrent Caudal Occipital Malformation Syndrome-Associated Syringomyelia and Presumptive Meningoencephalomyelitis of Unknown Origin Managed with Combined Surgical Decompression and Immunosuppressive Therapy in a Dog.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Owner Observed Sleep Disturbances in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with and Without Clinical Signs Compatible with a Chiari-like Malformation.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Development and validation of the Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia evaluation: the CHASE questionnaire.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Hearing assessment in Pomeranian dogs with and without Chiari-like malformation based on brainstem auditory evoked response wave latencies.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Spatial transcriptomic alterations of the dorsal horn in dogs with neuropathic pain.Pain reports · 2025Article
- Selective attraction to shorter muzzles in dogs is a hidden driver of the brachycephalic welfare crisis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Cervical Myoclonus in Dogs with Spinal Diseases: 113 Cases (2014-2023).Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Chiari-like Malformation and Syringomyelia in Pomeranians: A Longitudinal Study.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Genomic analyses in Cavalier King Charles spaniels identify loci associated with clinical signs of Chiari-like malformation and Syringomyelia.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Epidemiological Data, Clinical Signs, Therapy and Outcome Evaluation in Dogs with Syringomyelia of Different Etiology.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- The Effectiveness of Amitriptyline and Gabapentin in Treating Pomeranians with Chiari-like Malformation and/or Syringomyelia.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- CT- and MRI-based volumetry for Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia in Pomeranians.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- On the utility of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in canine neurological disorders.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Comprehensive comparative study of Chiari-like malformation in veterinary and human medicine.Veterinarni medicina · 2024Review
- Ethical Concerns about Fashionable Dog Breeding.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Clinical predictors of syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with chiari-like malformation based on owners' observations.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Holocord syringomyelia in 18 dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- CT-based and manual external skull measurements for Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia in Pomeranians.PloS one · 2024Article
- Longitudinal assessment of syringomyelia in Pomeranians.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- A data driven approach for soft tissue biomarker identification linked to Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiagnosis of Chiari-like malformation-associated pain (CM-P) or clinically relevant syringomyelia (SM) is challenging. We sought to determine common signs. ANIMALS: One hundred thirty client-owned Cavalier King Charles spaniels with neuroaxis magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diagnosis of CM-P/SM. Dogs with comorbidities causing similar signs were excluded with exception of otitis media with effusion (OME).
methodsRetrospective study of medical records relating signalment, signs, and MRI findings. Dogs were grouped by SM maximum transverse diameter (1 = no SM; 2 = 0.5-1.99 mm; 3 = 2-3.9 mm: 4 = ≥4 mm). Differences between all groups-groups 1 versus 2-4 and groups 1-3 versus 4-were investigated. Continuous variables were analyzed using 2-sample t-tests and analysis of variance. Associations between categorical variables were analyzed using Fisher's exact or chi-square tests.
resultsCommon signs were vocalization (65.4%), spinal pain (54.6%), reduced activity (37.7%), reduced stairs/jumping ability (35.4%), touch aversion (30.0%), altered emotional state (28.5%), and sleep disturbance (22%). Head scratching/rubbing (28.5%) was inversely associated with syrinx size (P = .005), less common in group 4 (P = .003), and not associated with OME (P = .977). Phantom scratching, scoliosis, weakness, and postural deficits were only seen in group 4 (SM ≥4 mm; P = .004). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Signs of pain are common in CM/SM but are not SM-dependent, suggesting (not proving) CM-P causality. Wide (≥4 mm) SM is associated with signs of myelopathy and, if the dorsal horn is involved, phantom scratching (ipsilateral) and torticollis (shoulder deviated ipsilateral; head tilt contralateral).
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