SynthesisThe European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care2019
International impact of external reference pricing: should national policy-makers care?
Synthesis in The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Does external reference pricing deliver what it promises? Evidence on its impact at national level.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2020Pooled it
- Variations in external reference pricing implementation: does it matter for public policy?The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2019Pooled it
- Pricing of innovative medicines and advanced therapies worldwide: an scoping review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- The impact of annual price revision based on external reference pricing on medicines between 2012 and 2023.Health economics review · 2026Article
- Price determinants and pricing policies concerning potentially innovative health technologies: a scoping review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- International price comparisons for national price-negotiated drugs in China: a cross-regional analysis.Health policy and planning · 2025Article
- Rare disease challenges and potential actions in the Middle East.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Investigating the availability, affordability, and market dynamics of innovative oncology drugs in Morocco: an original report.International journal for equity in health · 2024Review
- The Hurdle of Access to Emerging Therapies and Potential Solutions in the Management of Dyslipidemias.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Examining confidential wholesale margin estimates in European countries for the price negotiation of patented drugs in Germany: a statistical model.Health economics review · 2024Article
- The impact of external reference pricing on pharmaceutical costs and market dynamics.Health policy OPEN · 2023Article
- Integrative Review of Managed Entry Agreements: Chances and Limitations.PharmacoEconomics · 2020Review
- Value-based tiered pricing for universal health coverage: an idea worth revisiting.Gates open research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExternal reference pricing (ERP) is widely used to regulate drug prices. Although the literature has largely focused on the impact of ERP on a number of policy endpoints and its impact from a geographical perspective, a comparative study drawing on evidence from different settings does not exist to date.
methodsA systematic literature review was conducted on pre-defined endpoints on the impact of ERP across countries, such as price stability, price convergence and launch delays. Expert consultation was undertaken to analyse whether or not the international implications of ERP are considered during its design.
results46 studies were included in the analysis. Across countries, ERP may cause launch delays, price instability and lead to price convergence. However, these effects cannot be solely attributed to ERP, as there may be other factors at play, such as the size and the GDP of a country and other regulations in place, which can trigger these effects or reduce their effect. Nevertheless, the nature of ERP facilitates these unintended consequences and directly links them to it. Despite these cross-country implications being well known to decision-makers, they are not necessarily considered during the design of ERP.
conclusionsAs the effects of ERP as a stand alone policy are very difficult to isolate in the presence of other regulatory measures implemented within countries and the presence of other extrinsic factors across countries, our findings are inconclusive. Still, there is an unquestionable unmet need related to the design of ERP systems to attain a positive impact internationally.
Indexed as
Identifiers
31289948What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.