ArticlePediatric radiology2019
Differential pattern of Doppler signals at lower-extremity entheses of healthy children.
Article in Pediatric radiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Musculoskeletal ultrasonography of lower extremity entheses in children and adolescents - a pilot study of normal B-mode and Doppler characteristics.Pediatric radiology · 2026Article
- Musculoskeletal and nail ultrasound findings in children with psoriasis: a case-control study.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2026Article
- Pivotal role of the synovioentheseal complex in the imaging of arthritis and rheumatic diseasesDiagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey) · 2024Review
- Contribution of Ultrasound in Current Practice for Managing Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Emergence of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Use in Pediatric Rheumatology.Current rheumatology reports · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUltrasonography might be an important imaging method for assessing the pediatric enthesis. To diagnose pathology, knowledge of physiological findings is essential but limited.
objectiveTo provide a detailed ultrasonographic assessment of four lower-extremity entheses in healthy adolescents as a reference for the correct interpretation of findings in children with rheumatic diseases. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe quadriceps tendon, proximal and distal patella tendon, and Achilles enthesis were examined in B-mode, Power and color Doppler in 41 boys and girls ages 11-14 years in neutral position and 30° flexion. We assessed Doppler signals at various distances from the enthesis and analyzed the data using a marginal logistic regression model with generalized estimating equation. We assessed agreement between observers using weighted kappa and we determined agreement on repeat scans using prevalence- and bias-adjusted kappa.
resultsDoppler signals were predominantly in the quadriceps and distal patella tendon with odds ratios of 50.85 and 21.35 (P<0.001) compared to the Achilles tendon. They were within 2 mm or 5 mm of the enthesis (odds ratios [ORs] of 4.58 and 4.24, P<0.001), without significant difference between flexion and neutral position and between the right and the left legs. Agreement between first and second assessment was good, with aggregate kappas from 0.79 to 0.90. The inter-reader agreement was also good, with aggregate kappas ranging from 0.75 to 0.95.
conclusionWe found a differential Doppler pattern in lower-extremity entheses, with signals present mostly in the quadriceps and distal patella entheses.
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