ArticleThe Gerontologist2020
Alternative Retirement Paths and Cognitive Performance: Exploring the Role of Preretirement Job Complexity.
Article in The Gerontologist, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Training emotional competencies at the workplace: a systematic review and metaanalysis.BMC psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Does Olfactory Training Improve Brain Function and Cognition? A Systematic Review.Neuropsychology review · 2024Pooled it
- The association between neurofilament light chain and cognitive function: a UK Biobank cohort study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Occupational autonomy and cognitive function: the moderating role of educational attainment.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Different types of working after retirement on the changes in cognitive function among taiwanese retirees: 3-year follow-up study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity in the association between retirement and cognitive function: a machine learning analysis across 19 countries.International journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Thriving from Work Questionnaire: Validation of a Measure of Worker Wellbeing Among Older U.S. Workers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Concurrent changes in sleep and cognitive function during retirement transition: the Finnish retirement and aging study.European journal of ageing · 2025Article
- Education, Occupational Environment, and Cognitive Function in Later Life.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Who continues to work after retirement age?BMC public health · 2024Article
- Occupation, Retirement Age, and 20-Year Cognitive Decline: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study.Neuroepidemiology · 2024Article
- Retirement and cognitive aging in a racially diverse sample of older Americans.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- Retirement age and disability status as pathways to later-life cognitive impairment: Evidence from the Norwegian HUNT Study linked with Norwegian population registers.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2023Article
- Edentulism Predicts Cognitive Decline in the US Health and Retirement Cohort Study.Journal of dental research · 2023Article
- The effect of depression on cognitive decline among Korean retirees.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2023Article
- Working in old age in Mexico: Implications for Cognitive Functioning.Ageing and society · 2022Article
- Does postponing retirement affect cognitive function? A counterfactual experiment to disentangle life course risk factors.SSM - population health · 2021Article
- Functioning Changes in Varying Ways After Retirement: A Scoping Review.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesRecent research suggests that working longer may be protective of cognitive functioning in later life, especially for workers in low complexity jobs. As postretirement work becomes increasingly popular, it is important to understand how various retirement pathways influence cognitive function. The present study examines cognitive changes as a function of job complexity in the context of different types of retirement transitions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe use data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to examine change in cognitive function for workers who have held low, moderate, and high complexity jobs and move through distinct retirement pathways-retiring and returning to work, partial retirement-compared with those who fully retire or remain full-time workers. Inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (a propensity score method) is used to adjust for selection effects.
resultsThere are systematic variations in the relationships between work and cognitive performance as a function of job complexity and retirement pathways. All retirement pathways were associated with accelerated cognitive decline for workers in low complexity jobs. In contrast, for high complexity workers retirement was not associated with accelerated cognitive decline and retiring and returning to work was associated with modest improvement in cognitive functioning. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Both policy makers and individuals are beginning to embrace longer working lives which offer variety of potential benefits. Our findings suggest that continued full-time work also may be protective for cognitive health in workers who hold low complexity jobs.
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