ArticleBMJ open2019
Study protocol for the validation of a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) of listening effort in cochlear implantation: the Listening Effort Questionnaire-Cochlear Implant (LEQ-CI).
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Italian adaptation of Listening Effort Assessment Scale and Fatigue Assessment Scale questionnaires.Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale · 2025Article
- Personalizing Auditory Training: Understanding Individual Factors in Adult Cochlear Implant Users.Seminars in hearing · 2025Review
- Evolving perspectives on speech perception assessment in adults with cochlear implants: Are we using the right tests?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Listening effort and fatigue among cochlear implant users: a scoping review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Speech Recognition and Listening Effort in Cochlear Implant Recipients and Normal-Hearing Listeners.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- The Listening Network and Cochlear Implant Benefits in Hearing-Impaired Adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- Modification and verification of the Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale: a psychometric analysis combining item response theory with classical test theory.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionListening effort may be defined as the cognitive resources needed to understand an auditory message. A sustained requirement for listening effort is known to have a negative impact on individuals' sense of social connectedness, well-being and quality of life. A number of hearing-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) exist currently; however, none adequately assess listening effort as it is experienced in the listening situations of everyday life. The Listening Effort Questionnaire-Cochlear Implant (LEQ-CI) is a new, hearing-specific PROM designed to assess perceived listening effort as experienced by adult CI patients. It is the aim of this study to conduct the first psychometric evaluation of the LEQ-CI's measurement properties. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study is a phased, prospective, multi-site validation study in a UK population of adults with severe-profound sensorineural hearing loss who meet local candidacy criteria for CI. In phase 1, 250 CI patients from four National Health Service CI centres will self-complete a paper version of the LEQ-CI. Factor analysis will establish unidimensionality and Rasch analysis will evaluate item fit, differential item functioning, response scale ordering, targeting of persons and items, and reliability. Classical test theory methods will assess acceptability/data completeness, scaling assumptions, targeting and internal consistency reliability. Phase 1 results will inform refinements to the LEQ-CI. In phase 2, a new sample of adult CI patients (n=100) will self-complete the refined LEQ-CI, the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale, the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire and the Fatigue Assessment Scale to assess construct validity. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by the Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board/Swansea University Joint Study Review Committee and the Newcastle and North Tyneside 2 Research Ethics Committee, Ref: 18/NE/0320. Dissemination will be in high-quality journals, conference presentations and SEH's doctoral dissertation.
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