ArticleBMJ open2019
Reducing antibiotic prescribing in primary care in England from 2014 to 2017: population-based cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotic use and survival from breast cancer: A population-based cohort study in England and Wales.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Overview of Methods for Assessing Antimicrobial Use in Outpatient Settings in High-Income Countries: A Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A systematic review on how primary care electronic medical record data have been used for antimicrobial stewardship.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Review
- Unveiling the dynamics of antimicrobial utilization and resistance in a large hospital network over five years: Insights from health record data analysis.PLOS digital health · 2023Article
- The impact of COVID-19 on antibiotic prescribing in primary care in England: Evaluation and risk prediction of appropriateness of type and repeat prescribing.The Journal of infection · 2023Article
- Antibiotic treatment of respiratory tract infections in adults in Norwegian general practice.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2023Article
- Outpatient Antibiotic Use and Costs in Adults: A Nationwide Register-Based Study in Finland 2008-2019.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Associations between declining antibiotic use in primary care in Scotland and hospitalization with infection and patient satisfaction: longitudinal population study.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Electronic Health Records and Antimicrobial Stewardship Research: a Narrative Review.Current epidemiology reports · 2022Review
- Factors predicting amoxicillin prescribing in primary care among children: a cohort study.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2022Article
- Using audit and feedback to encourage primary healthcare prescribers to record indications for antimicrobial prescriptions: a quality improvement initiative.BMJ open quality · 2022Article
- Social and ethnic group differences in healthcare use by children aged 0-14 years: a population-based cohort study in England from 2007 to 2017.Archives of disease in childhood · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial stewardship in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based cohort study and interrupted time-series analysis.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2021Article
- Risks of use and non-use of antibiotics in primary care: qualitative study of prescribers' views.BMJ open · 2020Article
- The Primary Care Perspective on the Norwegian National Strategy against Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Should we, can we, halt the rise in prescribing for pain and distress?The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2020Article
- Probability of sepsis after infection consultations in primary care in the United Kingdom in 2002-2017: Population-based cohort study and decision analytic model.PLoS medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Serious bacterial infections and antibiotic prescribing in primary care: cohort study using electronic health records in the UK.BMJ open · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo analyse individual-patient electronic health records to evaluate changes in antibiotic (AB) prescribing in England for different age groups, for male and female subjects, and by prescribing indications from 2014 to 2017.
methodsData were analysed for 102 general practices in England that contributed data to the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) from 2014 to 2017. Prescriptions for all ABs and for broad-spectrum β-lactam ABs were evaluated. Relative rate reductions (RRR) were estimated from a random-effects Poisson model, adjusting for age, gender, and general practice.
resultsTotal AB prescribing declined from 608 prescriptions per 1000 person-years in 2014 to 489 per 1000 person-years in 2017; RRR 6.9% (95% CI 6.6% to 7.1%) per year. Broad-spectrum β-lactam AB prescribing decreased from 221 per 1000 person-years in 2014 to 163 per 1000 person-years in 2017; RRR 9.3% (9.0% to 9.6%) per year. Declines in AB prescribing were similar for men and women but the rate of decline was lower over the age of 55 years than for younger patients. All AB prescribing declined by 9.8% (9.6% to 10.1%) per year for respiratory infections, 5.7% (5.2% to 6.2%) for genitourinary infections, but by 3.8% (3.1% to 4.5%) for no recorded indication. Overall, 38.8% of AB prescriptions were associated with codes that did not suggest specific clinical conditions, and 15.3% of AB prescriptions had no medical codes recorded.
conclusionAntibiotic prescribing has reduced and become more selective but substantial unnecessary AB use may persist. Improving the quality of diagnostic coding for AB use will help to support antimicrobial stewardship efforts.
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