Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31288992›Full record

SynthesisEuropean urology oncology2021

Defining and Measuring Adherence in Observational Studies Assessing Outcomes of Real-world Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Glenda Kith, Sarah Lisker, Urmimala Sarkar, Jill Barr-Walker, Benjamin N Breyer, Nynikka R Palmer

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European urology oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Glenda KithSan Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Sarah LiskerDepartment of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Vulnerable Populations, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Urmimala SarkarDepartment of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Vulnerable Populations, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jill Barr-WalkerZSFG Library, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Benjamin N BreyerDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nynikka R PalmerDepartment of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Vulnerable Populations, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: Nynikka.Palmer@ucsf.edu.

Funding

INCREASING DIVERSITY IN CANCER CONTROL RESEARCHR25CA078583 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI KAGAWA-SINGER, MARJORIE LOUISE, PASICK, RENA JOY · 1998 to 2017
$5.5M
Building an Ambulatory Patient Safety Learning Laboratory for Diverse PopulationsP30HS023558 · AHRQ · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI SARKAR, URMIMALA · 2014 to 2017
$3.9M
Constructing a Relational Bridge to Achieve High-Quality Prostate Cancer Care for African AmericansK01CA211965 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI PALMER, NYNIKKA · 2017 to 2022
$1.1M
Improving Survivorship Care for Diverse Cancer Patients Cared for in Safety-net SettingsK24CA212294 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI SARKAR, URMIMALA · 2017 to 2021
$831k
AHRQ HHS P30 HS023558NCI NIH HHS K01 CA211965NCI NIH HHS K24 CA212294NCI NIH HHS R25 CA078583
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextEvidence-based guidelines for active surveillance (AS), a treatment option for men with low-risk prostate cancer, recommend regular follow-up at periodic intervals to monitor disease progression. However, gaps in monitoring can lead to delayed detection of cancer progression, leading to a missed window of curability.

objectiveWe aimed to identify the extent to which real-world observational studies reported adherence to monitoring protocols among prostate cancer patients on AS. When reported, we sought to characterize definitions of adherence. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We systematically reviewed observational studies assessing outcomes of prostate cancer patients on AS, published before March 22, 2019 in PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL. Adherence definitions were considered time bound if they included prespecified time and binary if adherence was assessed but did not specify a time interval. We assessed study quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Forty-five studies met our inclusion criteria. Eleven studies did not report any data on adherence to AS protocols. Twenty-five studies did not explicitly measure adherence, but provided relevant data (eg, number of patients who received a repeat biopsy). Six studies reported adherence using a time-bound definition, while three studies used a binary definition. Twenty-three studies provided information on patients lost to follow-up.

conclusionsMost studies reporting outcomes of patients on AS did not measure or report adherence. When reported, adherence was often not time specific. As some AS patients will benefit from maintaining a window of curability, clinical practices and future studies should track and report adherence and associated factors. PATIENT SUMMARY: We reviewed real-world observational studies examining outcomes of prostate cancer patients on active surveillance. Most studies did not clearly define or report adherence to monitoring protocols, which is important to consider for appropriate disease management.

Indexed as

Prostatic NeoplasmsWatchful WaitingBiopsyDisease ProgressionHumansMaleObservational Studies as TopicAmbulatoryClinical protocolsGuideline adherenceMonitoringPatient safetyProstatic neoplasms

Identifiers

PMID31288992
PMCPMC6943197

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.