ArticleBMC infectious diseases2019
Incidence and predictors of second-line antiretroviral treatment failure among adults living with HIV in Amhara region: a multi-centered retrospective follow-up study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- First line antiretroviral treatment failure and its association with drug substitution and sex among children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Robustness of viral load over CD4 cell count in measuring the quality of life of people with HIV at second line regimen in Amhara region.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Under-nutrition and its associated factors among adult second-line antiretroviral treatment users in Northern Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Second-line anti-retroviral treatment failure and its predictors among patients with HIV in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
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- Time to Treatment Failure and Its Predictors Among Second-Line ART Clients in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Incidence and Predictors of Virological Failure Among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients on Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy, in Selected Public Hospital of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Retrospective Follow-Up Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Joint Modeling of Incidence of Unfavorable Outcomes and Change in Viral Load Over Time Among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients on Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy, in Selected Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
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- Determinants of Virologic Failure Among Adults on Second Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Wollo, Amhara Regional State, Northeast Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Incidence and Predictors of Tuberculosis Among Adults Living With HIV/AIDS on Antiretroviral Therapy in Central Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A Multicenter Retrospective Follow-Up Study.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSecond-line Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) regimens are used when patients develop treatment failure for first-line drug regimens. It is costly unaffordable and it is not widely available for patients in resource limiting setting, there is a need to maximizing the duration of stay on second-line regimen. This study was conducted to estimate the incidence rate of second-line treatment failure and to identify its predictors among adults living with HIV in the Amhara region.
methodsAn institution based retrospective follow-up study was conducted from May to June 2017. A total of 1,011 adults on second-line ART who were enrolled between February 2008 and April 2016 were included for final analysis. Kaplan-Meier estimator curves were used to describe the survival function. Semi-parametric proportional hazard model was fitted to identify the predictors of treatment failure.
resultsThe overall incidence of second-line treatment failure was 9.86 per 100 person-years. It was high during the first and the last year of follow-up. The rate of second-line treatment failure was higher for patients who didn't change second-line regimens (HR: 1.55, 95%CI: 1.18-2.04), who had poor ART adherence (HR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.06-1.85), and not taking INH (HR: 1.68, 95%CI: 1.23-2.30) as compared to their counter group. The rate of treatment failure for patients who were under WHO clinical stage III at switch (HR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.50-0.91) was also lower as compared to clients who were under WHO clinical stage I. Furthermore, the rate of treatment failure was higher for clients who were under second-line regimen "TDF-3TC-LPV/r" (HR: 1.55, 95%CI: 1.03-2.32) and "AZT-3TC-LPV/r" (HR: 3.00, 95%CI: 1.86-4.85) as compared to patients under "ABC-ddI-LPV/r" regimens.
conclusionsA high incidence rate of second-line treatment failure was noticed in the study setting. The rate of second-line treatment failure was higher for patients who didn't change drug regimens, who had poor ART adherence, and who were not taking INH. Therefore, addressing significant predictors to prevent treatment failure among ART patients is essential and sustainable monitoring to reduce the risk of treatment failure is also desirable.
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