ArticlePloS one2019
Environmental surveillance and spatio-temporal analysis of Legionella spp. in a region of northeastern Italy (2002-2017).
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Interlaboratory comparison of culture- and PCR-based methods forApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Host-bacteria interactions: ecological and evolutionary insights from ancient, professional endosymbionts.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Environmental Surveillance ofJournal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Genotypic and phenotypic profiling of 127 Legionella pneumophila strains: Insights into regional spread.PloS one · 2024Article
- Legionnaires' Disease in Occupational Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeastern Italy (2019).Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Virulence Potential ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Environmental Monitoring ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Environmental surveillance ofEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2022Article
- Impact of lockdown and non-pharmaceutical interventions on the epidemiology of Legionnaires' disease.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Article
- A Tale of Four Danish Cities:International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Epidemiology of Legionnaires' Disease in Italy, 2004-2019: A Summary of Available Evidence.Microorganisms · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Legionella spp. are considered an important cause of potentially preventable morbidity and mortality, making environmental surveillance a crucial component of risk assessment plans. In this work, 20,319 water samples were collected in 3,983 environmental surveys during a 16-year period by ARPA, the Regional Agency for Environmental Protection, Friuli Venezia Giulia, and the results were studied to better understand the diffusion mechanisms of Legionella. The data showed a strong seasonal signal, a prevalence of L. pneumophila serogroup 2-15 in most environments (63% of positive samples), a prevalence of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 in swimming pool-associated environments (82% of positive samples), a persistent presence of Legionella in hospitals and a recurrent presence of Legionella in other facilities such as hotels, possibly years after interventions, highlighting the difficulty of eradicating the bacteria. Retrospective spatio-temporal analyses on geocoded historical data were carried out with SaTScan using an ordinal model with risk as a covariate to identify potential clusters with an excess of cases in the higher-risk categories. Although no outbreaks occurred during the period of study, such analyses identified spatially restricted zones with unusual contamination, which sometimes were also areas in which several surveys triggered by notifications of clinical cases were performed. Simulations of periodic prospective analyses permitted the assessment of the efficacy of the method in early detection of such clusters. The proposed method may be a useful tool in environmental surveillance, prevention and control of Legionella.
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