ArticleCancer2019
Housing discrimination and racial cancer disparities among the 100 largest US metropolitan areas.
Article in Cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Structural racism as a fundamental cause of health inequities: a scoping review.International journal for equity in health · 2025Pooled it
- Methodologic Strategies for Quantifying Associations of Historical and Contemporary Mortgage Discrimination on Population Health Equity: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Pooled it
- Housing and Cancer Care and Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic review of neighborhood socioeconomic indices studied across the cancer control continuum.Cancer medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Guideline-concordance along the cancer care continuum and breast cancer mortality by race and ethnicity: a SEER-Medicare study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Neighborhood-level deprivation measures in the United States: a scoping review and reference guide for investigators.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Contemporary Area-Level Mortgage Loan Denial Risk and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Cancer Survivors.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Take charge during treatment: a protocol for a pilot study to evaluate the impact of exercise on cardiovascular biomarkers among black and white breast cancer patients undergoing treatment.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Impact of Residential Segregation on Healthcare Utilization and Perceived Quality of Care Among Informal Caregivers in the United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- The Price of Denial: Examining the Health Consequences of Mortgage Lending Bias in Michigan Metro Areas.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of Contemporary Redlining on Healthcare Disparities Among Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Mediation Analysis.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Social and Legal Needs in Patients and Families With Cancer: Interaction With Patient-Level Financial Toxicity.JCO oncology practice · 2025Review
- Historical Bias in Mortgage Lending, Redlining, and Implications for the Uncertain Geographic Context Problem: A Study of Structural Housing Discrimination in Dallas and Boston.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Amplification ofJCO precision oncology · 2024Article
- An Annual Symposium on Disparities in Milwaukee, WI, with a 2023 Focus on Older Adults with Cancer.Current oncology reports · 2024Review
- Guideline-concordant breast cancer care by patient race and ethnicity accounting for individual-, facility- and area-level characteristics: a SEER-Medicare study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- Effects of housing stability and contemporary mortgage lending bias on breast cancer stage at diagnosis among older women in the United States.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Associations of Historical Redlining With BMI and Waist Circumference in Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults.AJPM focus · 2024Article
- Addressing differences in cancer: a framework for synergistic programming in cancer prevention and control.Research square · 2024Article
- Association of area-level mortgage denial and guideline-concordant non-small-cell lung cancer care and outcomes in the United States.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCancer contributes substantially to the life expectancy gap between US blacks and whites, and racial cancer disparities remain stubborn to eradicate. Disparities vary geographically, suggesting that they are not inevitable.
methodsThe authors examined the relationship between housing discrimination and the size of cancer disparities across large US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). MSA-level cancer disparities were measured using data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mortgage discrimination for each MSA was estimated using the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act database, and MSA racial segregation was determined using US Census data. Patterns of housing discrimination and cancer disparities were mapped, and the associations between these place-based factors and cancer disparities across MSAs were measured.
resultsBlack-to-white cancer mortality disparities (rate ratios) varied geographically, ranging from 1.50 to 0.86; 88% of mortality ratios were >1, indicating higher mortality for blacks. In areas with greater mortgage discrimination, the gap between black and white cancer mortality rates was larger (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.32; P = .001). This relationship persisted in sex-specific analyses (males, r = 0.37; P < .001; females, r = 0.23; P = .02) and in models controlling for confounders. In contrast, segregation was inconsistently associated with disparities. Adjusting for incidence disparities attenuated, but did not eliminate, the correlation between mortgage discrimination and mortality disparities (r = 0.22-0.24), suggesting that cancer incidence and survival each account for part of the mortality disparity.
conclusionsMortgage discrimination is associated with larger black-to-white cancer mortality disparities. Some areas are exceptions to this trend. Examination of these exceptions and of policies related to housing discrimination may offer novel strategies for explaining and eliminating cancer disparities.
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