ArticleJournal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea)2019
Factors Affecting the Response to First-Line Treatments in Patients with Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis.
Article in Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Movement disorders in cell surface antibody mediated autoimmune encephalitis: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Efgartigimod-rituximab sequential therapy in Anti-NMDAR encephalitis: real-world evidence for a novel salvage-maintenance strategy.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Risk factors for poor response to initial first-line immunotherapy and subsequent immunotherapy on prognosis in pediatric anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Risk factors for central hypoventilation in anti-Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- [Electroencephalographic patterns and their association with functional prognosis in anti-NMDA autoimmune encephalitis].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2024Observational
- Development of a short-term prognostic model for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in Chinese patients.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Anti-NMDAR encephalitis in a child with long impaired consciousness and persistent antibodies: a case report and mini review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Spatial and Ecological Factors Modulate the Incidence of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis-A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Assessment of Prognostic Factors and Validity of Scoring Models in Childhood Autoimmune Encephalitis.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio percentage: An independent predictor of disease severity and prognosis in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Clinical characteristics and prognosis in patients with neuronal surface antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis: a single-center cohort study in China.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Observational
- Predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for treatment response in patients diagnosed with definite or probable autoimmune encephalitis/encephalopathy.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Brain magnetic resonance imaging predictors in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Article
- Pulmonary infection and baseline mRS scores predict poor prognosis in anti-GABAFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratios Are Independently Associated With the Severity of Autoimmune Encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Influential Factors, Treatment and Prognosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis Patients With Poor Response to Short-Term First-Line Treatment.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Influential factors and predictors of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with severity at admission.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Article
- Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of relapsing anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a retrospective, multicenter, self-controlled study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Article
- Peripheral Immune Cell Ratios and Clinical Outcomes in Seropositive Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Study by the Australian Autoimmune Encephalitis Consortium.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeAnti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is the most common type of autoimmune encephalitis. This study aimed to explore the possible factors affecting the response to first-line treatments in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
methodsWe enrolled 29 patients who were diagnosed as anti-NMDAR encephalitis between January 1, 2015, and June 30, 2018. They were divided into the remission and nonremission groups according to their response to first-line treatments. The demographics, clinical manifestations, main ancillary examinations, follow-up treatments, and prognosis of patients were recorded. The symptoms reported on in this study occurred before treatments or during the course of first-line treatments.
resultsThere were 18 patients (62.07%) in the remission group and 11 patients (37.93%) in the nonremission group. Compared to the remission group, a higher proportion of the patients in the nonremission group exhibited involuntary movements, decreased consciousness, central hypoventilation, lung infection, and hypoalbuminemia. The nonremission group had a high incidence of increased intracranial pressure and significant elevations of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood (NLR), aspartate aminotransferase, and fibrinogen. Six patients (54.55%) in the nonremission group received second-line immunotherapy. Only one patient (3.45%) died, which was due to multiple-organ failure.
conclusionsAnti-NMDAR-encephalitis patients with more symptoms-especially involuntary movements, disturbance of consciousness, central hypoventilation, and accompanying hypoalbuminemia and pulmonary infection-may respond poorly to first-line treatments. Positive second-line immunotherapy therefore needs to be considered. Admission to an intensive-care unit, increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, and increased NLR might be the significant factors affecting the response to first-line treatments.
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