Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31286137›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2020

Etiology of Pulmonary Infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Inpatients Using Sputum Multiplex Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Gary Maartens, Rulan Griesel, Felix Dube, Mark Nicol, Marc Mendelson

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Guidelines for Antibiotics Prescription in Critically Ill Patients.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2024
    Article
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  16. Human virus detection with graphene-based materials.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2020
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Gary MaartensDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Rulan GrieselDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Felix DubeDivision of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Mark NicolDivision of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Marc MendelsonDivision of Infectious Diseases and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
University of Cape Town · ZA

Funding

An evidence based algorithm for diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV patientsR01AI096735 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN · PI MAARTENS, GARY, MENDELSON, MARC · 2011 to 2014
$369k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI096735
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere are limited data on the etiology of respiratory infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in resource-limited settings.

methodsWe performed quantitative multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Pneumocystis jirovecii and common bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens on sputum samples (spontaneous or induced) from a prospective cohort study of HIV-infected inpatients with World Health Organization danger signs and cough. Mycobacterial culture was done on 2 sputum samples, blood cultures, and relevant extrapulmonary samples.

resultsWe enrolled 284 participants from 2 secondary-level hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa: median CD4 count was 97 cells/μL, 64% were women, and 38% were on antiretroviral therapy. One hundred forty-eight had culture-positive tuberculosis, 100 had community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), 26 had P. jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), and 64 had other diagnoses. Probable bacterial infection (>105 copies/mL) was detected in 133 participants; the prevalence was highest in those with CAP (52%). Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the commonest bacterial pathogens detected; atypical bacteria were uncommon. Viruses were detected in 203 participants; the prevalence was highest in those with PJP (85%). Human metapneumovirus was the commonest virus detected. Multiple coinfections were commonly detected.

conclusionsSputum multiplex PCR could become a useful diagnostic tool for bacterial respiratory infections in HIV-infected inpatients, but its value is limited as quantitative cutoffs have only been established for a few bacterial pathogens and validation has not been done in this patient population. We found a high prevalence of respiratory viruses, but it is unclear whether these viruses were causing infection as there are no accepted quantitative PCR cutoffs for diagnosing respiratory viral infections.

Indexed as

Community-Acquired InfectionsHIV InfectionsPneumonia, BacterialRespiratory Tract InfectionsFemaleHIVHumansInpatientsMaleMultiplex Polymerase Chain ReactionProspective StudiesReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionSouth AfricaSputumbacterial pneumoniaHIVPneumocystis jirovecii pneumoniarespiratory viral infectionstuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID31286137
PMCPMC7108142
OpenAlexW2941749997

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.