ArticleDementia & neuropsychologia
Limited formal education is strongly associated with lower cognitive status, functional disability and frailty status in older adults.
Article in Dementia & neuropsychologia. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and influencing factors of cognitive frailty in Chinese maintenance hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- Associations of Cognitive Function and Physical Activity with Frailty: A Community-Based Study of Older Adults.Florence Nightingale journal of nursing · 2026Article
- Associations between migrant status, social isolation, and loneliness among older adults in India.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Life-course socio-economic factors associated with frailty in later life.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2025Article
- Analysis of the trajectory of cognitive function changes and influencing factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a prospective longitudinal study.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Does injury proneness aid or impair navigation ability? A study on self-reported errors, risk and evaluation behaviors in relation to sense of direction.Cognitive processing · 2025Article
- Cognitive disability among older adults in Botswana: prevalence, trends, and sociodemographic determinants from cross-sectional data.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
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- Association between cognitive reserve proxies and frailty phenotype: data from UK Biobank.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Behavioural and psychological factors associated with pre-frailty in community-dwelling adults aged 40 and over: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Medication-related Burden and Experience With Medications in Indonesian Older Adults With Chronic Diseases: A Mixed-method Study.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2025Article
- Association of early and late onset of chronic diseases with physical frailty among older Indian adults: study based on a population survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Determinants of frailty among hospitalized older adults across various wards in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects of social support on cognitive frailty among the older adults in China: mediation of psychological resilience and moderated mediation of education.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Association between frailty and pain in older people at high risk of future hospitalization.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development of machine learning models with explainable AI for frailty risk prediction and their web-based application in community public health.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Diagnostic utility and psychometric properties of the Technology Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (T-ADLQ) in people with non-formally educated with Alzheimer's disease in Lima, Peru.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Article
- Risk and protective factors for cognitive decline in Brazilian lower educated older adults: A 15-year follow-up study using group-based trajectory modelling.Archives of gerontology and geriatrics · 2024Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Limited formal education is still common in ageing populations. Although limited formal education seems to be independently and negatively associated with cognition, functional abilities and frailty in ageing, no studies have examined whether the gradient of limited formal education has an impact on health in later life.
objectiveto examine the relationship of limited formal education with cognitive status, functional abilities, and frailty status.
methodsa cross-sectional study was conducted involving 540 older adults stratified into groups: no formal education, 12-24 months of education, and 25-48 months of education. Cognitive screening (MMSE), functional abilities (Lawton Index), and frailty (CHS criteria) were measured. Regression analyses were performed.
results27% had no formal education, 21% had 12-24 months of formal education, and 55% had 25-48 months of formal education. Limited formal education has a clear gradient of negative impact: No formal education was associated with scoring below MMSE cut-off scores (OR = 7.9), being totally/partially dependent for IADLs (OR = 2.5) and frail (OR = 2.0). Having 12-24 months of education was associated with scoring below MMSE cut-off scores (OR = 5.2) and with being frail (OR = 2.0). The No formal education group was 10.1 times more likely to have worse cognitive scores, worse functional abilities and frailty/pre-frailty status concomitantly (CCoFF), while older adults who had 12-24 months of education had a 4.6 times greater chance of having CCoFF.
conclusionlimited education had a gradient association with cognitive performance, functional disability and frailty. These findings clearly emphasize the importance of prevention through education from childhood to older age.
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