ArticleCurrent oncology (Toronto, Ont.)2019
Fatal myocarditis and rhabdomyositis in a patient with stage IV melanoma treated with combined ipilimumab and nivolumab.
Article in Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Summary of Case Reports.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Pooled it
- Corticosteroid-resistant immune-related adverse events: a systematic review.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: a systematic analysis of case reports.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Cardiac Toxicity Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Myocarditis with Myositis/Myasthenia Gravis Overlap Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Cases.The oncologist · 2021Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis with third-degree atrioventricular block: two case reports and literature review.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2026Article
- Myocarditis induced by a novel bifunctional PD-1/CTLA-4 combination antibody: a case report and literature review.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Review
- Steroid-Refractory Myocarditis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Responded to Infliximab: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2024Review
- Therapeutic agents for steroid-refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis: a narrative review.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2024Review
- Occult checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis during adjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab: a smoldering but severe toxicity.Immunotherapy · 2024Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Related Myocarditis: A Review of Reported Clinical Cases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Myocarditis Induced by Immunotherapy in Metastatic Melanoma-Review of Literature and Current Guidelines.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Neural Net Modeling of Checkpoint Inhibitor Related Myocarditis and Steroid Response.Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications · 2022Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Myositis Overlapping With Myocarditis: An Institutional Case Series and a Systematic Review of Literature.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Successful Therapy for Myocarditis Concomitant With Complete Heart Block After Pembrolizumab Treatment for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report With Literature Review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- TNF-α Inhibitors and Other Biologic Agents for the Treatment of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Myocarditis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Effect of PD-1 Inhibitor Combined with Irradiation on HMGB1-Associated Inflammatory Cytokines and Myocardial Injury.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Article
- Pacemakers and methylprednisolone pulse therapy in immune-related myocarditis concomitant with complete heart block.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2022Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy-Associated Myocarditis.Cardiology research · 2021Review
- Myocarditis occurrence with cancer immunotherapy across indications in clinical trial and post-marketing data.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Combination immune checkpoint blockade with concurrent administration of the anti-ctla4 antibody ipilimumab and the anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab has demonstrated impressive responses in patients with advanced melanoma and other diseases. That combination has also been associated with increased toxicity, including rare immune-related adverse events. Here we describe a case of fatal steroid-refractory myocarditis and panmyositis associated with the use of this combination in a patient with metastatic melanoma. Correlative studies indicated increased levels of serum interleukin 6 in this patient at the onset of toxicity, suggesting a possible role for anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibodies in the treatment of subsequent cases of this rare, but fatal, toxicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.