ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Growth Hormone Deficiency Following Traumatic Brain Injury.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Growth Hormone on Neuropsychological Outcomes and Quality of Life of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.Journal of neurotrauma · 2021Pooled it
- Endocrine Sequelae of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department: A 12-Month Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genes That Associated with Action of ACTH-like Peptides with Neuroprotective Potential in Rat Brain Regions with Different Degrees of Ischemic Damage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of GH deficiency identified in untreated and GH-treated Pit-1 mutant mice.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- ACTH-like Peptides Compensate Rat Brain Gene Expression Profile Disrupted by Ischemia a Day After Experimental Stroke.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Dynamic Changes and Effects of HBiochemical genetics · 2024Article
- Recognition and Practice of Hypopituitarism After Traumatic Brain Injury and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Japan: A Survey.Neurology and therapy · 2024Article
- Coverage of education and training of traumatic brain injury-induced growth hormone deficiency in US residency and fellowship programs: a cross-sectional study.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Relevance of the GH-VEGFB/VEGFA axis in liver grafts from brain-dead donors with alcohol-associated liver disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Diffuse traumatic brain injury substantially alters plasma growth hormone in the juvenile rat.The Journal of endocrinology · 2024Article
- Endocrine Dysfunction After Traumatic Brain Injury: An Ignored Clinical Syndrome?Neurocritical care · 2023Review
- Psychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury - future directions in research.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
- Multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies in a kitten: Hyposomatotropism, hypothyroidism, central diabetes insipidus and hypogonadism.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2023Article
- An Approach to Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Hypopituitarism: Overcoming the Pediatric Challenges.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and growth hormone act as anti-inflammatory factors improving sensory recovery in female rats with thoracic spinal cord injury.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Isolated anterior pituitary dysfunction in adulthood.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- The left-right side-specific endocrine signaling in the effects of brain lesions: questioning of the neurological dogma.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Repeated mild traumatic brain injury impairs fracture healing in male mice.BMC research notes · 2022Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury as Frequent Cause of Hypopituitarism and Growth Hormone Deficiency: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Distant Organ Damage in Acute Brain Injury.Brain sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is fairly common and annually affects millions of people worldwide. Post traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP) has been increasingly recognized as an important and prevalent clinical entity. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is the most common pituitary hormone deficit in long-term survivors of TBI. The pathophysiology of GHD post TBI is thought to be multifactorial including primary and secondary mechanisms. An interplay of ischemia, cytotoxicity, and inflammation post TBI have been suggested, resulting in pituitary hormone deficits. Signs and symptoms of GHD can overlap with those of TBI and may delay rehabilitation/recovery if not recognized and treated. Screening for GHD is recommended in the chronic phase, at least six months to a year after TBI as GH may recover in those with GHD in the acute phase; conversely, it may manifest in those with a previously intact GH axis. Dynamic testing is the standard method to diagnose GHD in this population. GHD is associated with long-term poor medical outcomes. Treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) seems to ameliorate some of these features. This review will discuss the frequency and pathophysiology of GHD post TBI, its clinical consequences, and the outcomes of treatment with GH replacement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.