ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Phenformin as an Anticancer Agent: Challenges and Prospects.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- A Structure-activity Relationship (SAR) Insight for the Most Effective Oral Antidiabetic Compounds-A Current Review.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells: Implications for Tumor Dynamics and Therapeutic Strategies.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Metformin and its derivatives in breast cancer: from glycaemic control to tumor-intrinsic pathways.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Review
- Novel combination therapy with phenformin enhances the effects of lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma via AMPK-mediated PDGFRβ degradation.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Environmental factors capable of broadly interfering with nutritional lifespan extension paradigms.iScience · 2025Article
- Hesperidin/Salinomycin Combination; a Natural Product for Deactivation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway and Anti-Apoptotic Factors in KG1a Cells.Journal of fluorescence · 2025Article
- Metformin-Induced Apoptosis Is Mediated Through Mitochondrial VDAC1.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Inhibition of mitochondrial bioenergetics and hypoxia to radiosensitize diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Acute myeloid leukemia mitochondria hydrolyze ATP to support oxidative metabolism and resist chemotherapy.Science advances · 2025Article
- Current Trends and Challenges in Targeting Tumor Mitochondrial Glycolysis and Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathways for Cancer Therapy.Current protein & peptide science · 2025Article
- Targeting AMPK for Cancer Therapy: Metabolic Reprogramming as a Therapeutic Strategy.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Review of nonpharmacological interventions for delaying the effects of cerebral neuropathy caused by diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Effects of Biguanide-PROTACs in Pancreatic Cancer Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Progress in antitumor mechanisms and applications of phenformin (Review).Oncology reports · 2024Review
- Data mining of PubChem bioassay records reveals diverse OXPHOS inhibitory chemotypes as potential therapeutic agents against ovarian cancer.Journal of cheminformatics · 2024Article
- Therapeutic implications of the metabolic changes associated with BRAF inhibition in melanoma.Cancer treatment reviews · 2024Review
- Mitochondria: a new intervention target for tumor invasion and metastasis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Review
- Metabolic Reprogramming in Thyroid Cancer.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Review
- Phenformin activates ER stress to promote autophagic cell death via NIBAN1 and DDIT4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma independent of AMPK.International journal of oral science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Currently, there is increasing evidence linking diabetes mellitus (especially type 2 diabetes mellitus) with carcinogenesis through various biological processes, such as fat-induced chronic inflammation, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and angiogenesis. Chemotherapeutic agents are used in the treatment of cancer, but in most cases, patients develop resistance. Phenformin, an oral biguanide drug used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, was removed from the market due to a high risk of fatal lactic acidosis. However, it has been shown that phenformin is, with other biguanides, an authentic tumor disruptor, not only by the production of hypoglycemia due to caloric restriction through AMP-activated protein kinase with energy detection (AMPK) but also as a blocker of the mTOR regulatory complex. Moreover, the addition of phenformin eliminates resistance to antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), which prevent the uncontrolled metabolism of glucose in tumor cells. In this review, we evidence the great potential of phenformin as an anticancer agent. We thoroughly review its mechanism of action and clinical trial assays, specially focusing on current challenges and future perspectives of this promising drug.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.