ArticleBMJ open2019
Association between cardiometabolic risk factors and body mass index, waist circumferences and body fat in a Zanzibari cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association between body shape index and arterial stiffness: results of the EVasCu study and a meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- High-Intensity Interval Training and Cardiometabolic Health in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Pooled it
- Association Between the Visceral Adiposity Index and Arterial Stiffness: Results of the EVasCu Study and a Meta-Analysis Including EVasCu Data and Prior Studies.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Obesity in Tanzanian Youth (15-35 Years): From Nutrition Transition to Policy Action-A Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Association of conicity index with prehypertension and hypertension: Two-year cross sectional study at rural teaching hospital.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Body composition-derived abdominal circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio cut-offs for Ethiopian adults in Northwest Ethiopia, 2023.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Anti-obesity effects of olivetol in adult zebrafish model induced by short-term high-fat diet.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Cut-off points for anthropometric indices to screen for hypertension among Iranian adults of the Bandare-Kong cohort: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Relationship between Cardiometabolic Factors and the Response of Blood Pressure to a One-Year Primary Care Lifestyle Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome Patients.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Body Composition Assessment by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Prediction of Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).Iranian journal of public health · 2022Article
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Abdominal Ectopic Fat Deposition in Correlation With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Practice Change Needed for the Identification of Pediatric Hypertension in Marginalized Populations: An Example From South Africa.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Paediatric Hypertension in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Comparison of Vascular Function, Cardiometabolic Parameters, Hemorheological Function, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Between Middle-Aged Korean Women With and Without Obesity-A Pilot Study.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- The association between leptin and inflammatory markers with obesity indices in Zanzibari children, adolescents, and adults.Obesity science & practice · 2021Article
- Evaluation of Anthropometric Indices for Screening Hypertension Among Employees of Mizan Tepi University, Southwestern Ethiopia.Integrated blood pressure control · 2021Article
- Late Eating Is Associated with Obesity, Inflammatory Markers and Circadian-Related Disturbances in School-Aged Children.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Optimal cut-off values for anthropometric measures of obesity in screening for cardiometabolic disorders in adults.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Farnesoid X Receptor Agonists as Therapeutic Target for Cardiometabolic Diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- Anthropometric and Biochemical Predictors for Hypertension in a Cross-Sectional Study in Zanzibar, Tanzania.Frontiers in public health · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
objectivesTo determine the prevalence of obesity indices (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat per cent (BF%)) and cardiometabolic risk factors. To investigate the association between obesity indices and cardiometabolic risk factors in a Zanzibari population. DESIGNS: Cross-sectional study. SETTINGS: Participants randomly selected from 80 Shehias (wards) in Unguja, Zanzibar in 2013.
participantsA total of 470 participants between 5 and 95 years were examined. Data on socioeconomic status, area of residence, anthropometry and venous blood were collected. Associations between obesity indices and cardiometabolic risk factors were investigated using multilevel logistic regression analyses in two steps: first, each obesity indicator was tested independently; second, all indicators combined in one model were tested for their association with cardiometabolic risk factors.
resultsThe proportion of overweight/obese individuals was 26.4%, high WC (24.9%) and high BF% (31.1%). Cardiometabolic risk factors with highest prevalence of abnormal values included hypertension (24.5%), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (29.4%), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (21.3%) and high glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (19.1%). Obesity and hypertension increased with age, and were most prevalent in participants aged 45 years and above. Low HDL-C was most prevalent among participants aged ≥18 to <45 years, while high LDL-C was more prevalent in those above 45 years. High WC and high BF% were associated with high levels of LDL-C (OR=2.52 (95% CI 1.24 to 5.13), OR=1.91 (95% CI 1.02 to 3.58), respectively). Additionally, BMI and WC were associated with high levels of HbA1c (OR=2.08 (95% CI 1.15 to 3.79), OR=3.01 (95% CI 1.51 to 6.03), respectively). In the combined regression model, WC was associated with higher chances for hypertension (OR=2.62 (95% CI 1.14 to 6.06)) and for high levels of HbA1c (OR=2.62 (95% CI 1.12 to 6.15)).
conclusionHigh BMI, WC and BF% were strongly associated with hypertension, with individuals with high WC being twice more likely to have hypertension; this calls for early and effective screening strategies for this study population.
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