ArticleTobacco control2019
Socioeconomic inequalities in children's exposure to tobacco retailing based on individual-level GPS data in Scotland.
Article in Tobacco control, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perceptions of friendship, peers and influence on adolescent smoking according to tobacco control context: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Longitudinal analysis of geographical inequalities in retail density of tobacco and nicotine vapour products in Scotland, 2020-2024.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Proximity and density of tobacco retail locations to Kentucky schools and the relationship to youth perceptions of harm and susceptibility to e-cigarette use.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Is Seeing Cigarettes in the Retail Environment Associated With Impulse Purchases? Findings From Surveys in Disadvantaged and Non-disadvantaged Neighborhoods in the Netherlands.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- "Availability is the poor cousin of marketing and pricing": qualitative study of stakeholders' views on policy priorities around tobacco and alcohol availability.Drugs (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Inequalities in geographical distribution of heritage in Scotland, investigating spatial exposure to heritage sites through area-based and individual-based (GPS) measurement.Wellbeing, space and society · 2024Article
- Area-level sociodemographic differences in tobacco availability examined with nationwide tobacco product retail licence data in Finland.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Adversities Mediate Social Determinants of Youth Tobacco Use Initiation.Journal of biomedical and life sciences · 2024Article
- A longitudinal analysis of the impact of the local tobacco retail availability and neighbourhood deprivation on male smoking behaviours in Shanghai, China.Health & place · 2024Article
- A maternal and child health administrative cohort in Scotland: the utility of linked administrative data for understanding early years' outcomes and inequalities.International journal of population data science · 2024Article
- Inequalities in neighbourhood features within children's 20-minute neighbourhoods and variation in time spent locally, measured using GPS.Wellbeing, space and society · 2023Article
- Impact of e-cigarette retail displays on attitudes to smoking and vaping in children: an online experimental study.Tobacco control · 2023Review
- The association between objectively measured exposure to tobacco outlets and smoking cognitions: a study among non-smoking adolescents in four Dutch cities.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- Parental Education and Adolescents' Asthma: The Role of Ethnicity.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Inequalities in children's exposure to alcohol outlets in Scotland: a GPS study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Inequalities in Smoking and Quitting-Related Outcomes Among Adults With and Without Children in the Household 2013-2019: A Population Survey in England.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Retail endgame strategies: reduce tobacco availability and visibility and promote health equity.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- Youth tobacco and cannabis use and co-use: Associations with daily exposure to tobacco marketing within activity spaces and by travel patterns.Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- Simulating the density reduction and equity impact of potential tobacco retail control policies.Tobacco control · 2021Article
- Sociodemographic inequities in tobacco retailer density: Do neighboring places matter?Health & place · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIdentifying factors shaping knowledge of and attitudes towards tobacco products in preadolescence is a key component supporting tobacco control policies aimed at preventing smoking initiation. This study quantified exposure to tobacco retailing environments within the individual-level activity spaces of children across a socioeconomic gradient.
methodsOne week of global positioning system (GPS) tracking data were collected at 10 s intervals from a nationally representative sample of 10-11-year olds (n=692). Proximity of GPS locations (n=~16 M) to the nearest tobacco retailer (n=9030) was measured and exposure defined when a child came within 10 m of a retailer. Duration, frequency, timing and source of exposure were compared across income deprivation quintiles, along with retail density within children's home neighbourhoods.
resultsOn average, children were exposed to tobacco retailing for 22.7 min (95% CI 16.8 to 28.6) per week in 42.7 (35.2-50.1) independent encounters. However, children from the most deprived areas accumulated six times the duration and seven times the frequency of exposure as children from the least deprived areas. Home neighbourhood retail densities were 2.6 times higher in deprived areas, yet the average number of businesses encountered did not differ. Most exposure came from convenience stores (35%) and newsagents (15%), with temporal peaks before and after school hours.
conclusionsBy accounting for individual mobility, we showed that children in socially disadvantaged areas accumulate higher levels of exposure to tobacco retailing than expected from disparities in home neighbourhood densities. Reducing tobacco outlet availability, particularly in areas frequently used by children, might be crucial to policies aimed at creating 'tobacco-free' generations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.