ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Cutaneous Metastasis after Surgery, Injury, Lymphadenopathy, and Peritonitis: Possible Mechanisms.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adipocyte-driven STAT3-ANGPT2-PTGIS axis promotes cutaneous metastasis in breast cancer and represents a targetable pathway.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- A Sister Mary Joseph's nodule in fallopian tube cancer: exploring the metastatic pathway through gene expression profiling-a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Cutaneous Metastases-Histological Particularities of Multifaceted Entities.Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cutaneous Metastasis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Review of Literature.Cureus · 2025Article
- Sister Mary Joseph's nodule as the first presenting sign of advanced fallopian tube carcinoma: A case report.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on gastrostomy feeding tubes: methodology and review of evidence.VideoGIE : an official video journal of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · 2025Article
- Incision site metastasis following open radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: A case report.Urology case reports · 2024Article
- Scar matrix drives Piezo1 mediated stromal inflammation leading to placenta accreta spectrum.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Abdominal Parietal Metastasis from Cervical Cancer: A Review of One of the Most Uncommon Sites of Recurrence Including a Report of a New Case.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cutaneous metastases of cervical cancer: a rare entity and possible mechanisms of dissemination.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2024Article
- Dedifferentiated umbilical metastases from low grade endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma complicated by super-obesity: A case report.International journal of surgery case reports · 2023Article
- Urachus adenocarcinoma mistaken for umbilical incision implant cancer after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case report.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2023Article
- Review
- Cutaneous metastases of internal malignancies: a single-institution experience.Histopathology · 2022Article
- Sister Mary Joseph's Nodule from Pancreatic Cancer.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2021Article
- Cutaneous Metastases in Ovarian Cancer.Cancers · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cutaneous metastases from internal malignancies are uncommon. Umbilical metastasis, also known as Sister Joseph nodule (SJN), develops in patients with carcinomatous peritonitis or superficial lymphadenopathy, while non-SJN skin metastases develop after surgery, injury, and lymphadenopathy. In this review, the possible mechanisms of skin metastases are discussed. SJNs develop by the contiguous or lymphatic spread of tumor cells. After surgery and injury, tumor cells spread by direct implantation or hematogenous metastasis, and after lymphadenopathy, they spread by extranodal extension. The inflammatory response occurring during wound healing is exploited by tumor cells and facilitates tumor growth. Macrophages are crucial drivers of tumor-promoting inflammation, which is a source of survival, growth and angiogenic factors. Angiogenesis is promoted by the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which also mediates tumor-associated immunodeficiency. In the subcutaneous tissues that surround metastatic lymph nodes, adipocytes promote tumor growth. In the elderly, age-associated immunosuppression may facilitate hematogenous metastasis. Anti-VEGF therapy affects recurrence patterns but at the same time, may increase the risk of skin metastases. Immune suppression associated with inflammation may play a key role in skin metastasis development. Thus, immune therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors reactivating cytotoxic T-cell function and inhibiting tumor-associated macrophage function, appear promising.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.