ArticlePloS one2019
Alopecia areata patients show deficiency of FOXP3+CD39+ T regulatory cells and clonotypic restriction of Treg TCRβ-chain, which highlights the immunopathological aspect of the disease.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineered antigen-specific regulatory T cells for autoimmune skin conditions.Autoimmunity reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Scalp biomarkers during dupilumab treatment support Th2 pathway pathogenicity in alopecia areata.Allergy · 2023Trial
- Understanding the Molecular Landscape of Alopecia Areata: Key Genes, Regulatory Networks, and Therapeutic Targets.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Immunopathogenesis and Experimental Models of Alopecia Areata: From Mechanistic Insights to Translational Platforms.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Changes in T-cell subsets and their association with disease severity in patients with alopecia areata.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Hair follicle immune privilege in autoimmune and immune-mediated alopecias: paths toward reestablishing immune tolerance.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Decoding Treg diversity and dysfunction to advance Treg-based therapies in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Metabolic and Vascular Inflammation in Alopecia Areata: Linking Uric Acid, Lipid Imbalance and ICAM-1 Upregulation.Experimental dermatology · 2025Article
- Macrophage-Centric Immunometabolic Crosstalk in Alopecia Areata Pathogenesis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Stem cell activity shapes the pleiotropic effects of IFN-γ and TGF-β in autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer, and drives autoimmune flares and remissions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Correlation between increased total serum IgE levels and clinical features in alopecia areata patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Tissue-specific roles of regulatory T cells: mechanisms of suppression and beyond along with emerging therapeutic insights in autoimmune indications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- From mechanisms to therapies: current advances breakthroughs in alopecia areata immunopathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Alopecia areata: from immunopathogenesis to emerging therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Complete Blood Collection-based Systemic Inflammation Biomarkers as a Severity Biomarker in Alopecia Areata: A Cross-sectional Study.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2024Article
- Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of stem cell dynamics in hair follicle regeneration.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Regulatory T cells in skin regeneration and wound healing.Military Medical Research · 2023Review
- Alopecia Areata: A Review of the Genetic Variants and Immunodeficiency Disorders Associated with Alopecia Areata.Skin appendage disorders · 2023Review
- Alopecia areata in underrepresented groups: preliminary analysis of the all of us research program.Archives of dermatological research · 2023Article
- Functional interrogation of lymphocyte subsets in alopecia areata using single-cell RNA sequencing.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a hair loss disorder resulting from an autoimmune reaction against hair follicles. T-helper 1 cells are a major contributor to this disorder, but little is known about the role of T-regulatory cells (Tregs) in AA. Here, we analysed the distribution of circulating Treg subsets in twenty AA patients with active hair loss and fifteen healthy subjects by flow cytometry. The Treg suppressor HLA-DR+ subpopulation was significantly reduced in the patients (P<0.001) and there were significantly fewer cells expressing CD39 among the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg subpopulation in patients (P = 0.001). FOXP3 CD39 Treg cells were also reduced in hair follicles; by 75% in non-lesional skin and 90% in lesional skin, when compared to control healthy skin. To further characterise Treg cells in AA; Tregs (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+) were investigated for their TCRβ sequence. PCR products analysed by Next Generation Sequencing techniques, showed that all frequent public clonotypes in AA Tregs were also present in controls at relatively similar frequencies, excepting two public clonotypes: CATSRDEGGLDEKLFF (V15 D1 J1-4) and CASRDGTGPSNYGYTF (V2 D1 J1-2), which were exclusively present in controls. This suggests that these Treg clonotypes may have a protective effect and that they may be an exciting subject for future therapeutic applications.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.