Observational studyPloS one2019
Hyponatremia in infants with community-acquired infections on hospital admission.
Observational study in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sodium assessment in neonates, infants, and children: a systematic review.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Thirst, sodium, and the hospitalized child: rethinking hypernatremia.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Comparison of Serum Sodium Levels Following Intravenous Administration of Isotonic and Hypotonic Solutions in Young Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Pediatric reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Electrolyte Abnormality and its Correlation with Clinical Features and Patient Outcomes in Children Admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Resource-Constrained Setting in India.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- Case report: Acute severe hyponatremia-induced seizures in a newborn: a community-acquired case and literature review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Children with mild hyponatremia at the emergency department are at higher risk of hospitalization.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Awareness and interventions to reduce dehydration in pregnant, postpartum women, and newborns in rural Kenya.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2023Article
- Incidence and Severity of Community- and Hospital-Acquired Hyponatremia in Pediatrics.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Outdoor temperature and circulating sodium in children with acute gastroenteritis.Pediatric research · 2022Article
- PMPediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2022Article
- The incidence, hospitalisations and deaths in acutely ill children with dysnatraemias.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2022Article
- Pseudo-hypoaldosteronism secondary to infantile urinary tract infections: role of ultrasound.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Are Further Interventions Needed to Prevent and Manage Hospital-Acquired Hyponatraemia? A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey of IV Fluid Prescribing Practices.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Maintenance Fluid Therapy with Saline, Dextrose-Supplemented Saline or Lactated Ringer in Childhood: Short-Term Metabolic Effects.Nutrients · 2020Observational
- Pseudohypoaldosteronism and acquired renal aldosterone resistance with hyperkalemic type IV renal tubular acidosis in 2 cats.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute moderate to severe gastroenteritis is traditionally associated with hypernatremia but recent observations suggest that hypernatremia is currently less common than hyponatremia. The latter has sometimes been documented also in children with acute community-acquired diseases, such as bronchiolitis and pyelonephritis. We investigated the prevalence of dysnatremia in children with acute moderate severe gastroenteritis, bronchiolitis and pyelonephritis. This prospective observational study included 400 consecutive previously healthy infants ≥4 weeks to ≤24 months of age (232 males and 168 females): 160 with gastroenteritis and relevant dehydration, 160 with moderate-severe bronchiolitis and 80 with pyelonephritis admitted to our emergency department between 2009 and 2017. Circulating sodium was determined by means of direct potentiometry. For analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Fisher's exact test were used. Hyponatremia was found in 214 of the 400 patients. It was common in gastroenteritis (43%) and significantly more frequent in bronchiolitis (57%) and pyelonephritis (68%). Patients with hyponatremia were significantly younger than those without hyponatremia (3.9 [1.6-13] versus 7.5 [3.4-14] months). The gender ratio was similar in children with and without hyponatremia. Hyponatremia was associated with further metabolic abnormalities (hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis) in gastroenteritis (71%) and pyelonephritis (54%), and always isolated in bronchiolitis. In conclusion, hyponatremia is common at presentation among previously healthy infants with gastroenteritis, bronchiolitis or pyelonephritis. These data have relevant consequences for the nutrition and rehydration management in these conditions.
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